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bio
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| endosymbiotic theory | that mitochondria and chloroplasts were once bacterial parasites on eukaryotic cell hosts. the bacteria eventually became eukaryotic organelles |
| mitoch. and chloro. are similar to bacteria because; | -they are the size of bacteria -they have bacterial type ribosomes and dna in them they divide like bacteria their dna has the same gene instructions as bacteria |
| cell wall | gives structural support; made of cellulose |
| chloroplasts | green sites of photosynthesis makes sugar from sunlight , carbon dioxide and water |
| central vacuole | full of water, wastes and nutrients, maintains ph fluid pushes on cell for rigidity |
| cilia | beat rhythmically to create a current , move substances over cells |
| flagellum | whip like tail propels cell, only on sperm in humans |
| RER | ribosomes building proteins for export clock on the rer and drop the protein into the rer cisternal space ; modifies protein and send them to Golgi |
| SER | makes carbohydrates and detoxifies chemicals (like alcohol) |
| lysosomes | contains 40+ digestive enzymes in acid that break down ingested substances and old organelles or even cell |
| centrioles | gives dna when cell divides |
| eukaryotic | -nucleus and other membranes organelles -dna in nuclear envelope -protists, fungi, plants, animals -often multicellular -usually need oxygen |
| prokaryotic | no nucleus bacteria only may not need oxygen usually unicellular |
| estimated average age of cells in an adult | 7 years |
| microvilli | wavy surfaces increase surface area; amount of area to carry out important functions |
| plasma membrane | "border control" controls movement in/out of cell |
| nucleolus | makes rRNA to build ribosomes from plasma membrane |
| nuclear pores | control what moves in/out of nucleus |
| nuclear envelope | keeps long, stringy dna called chromatin in |
| nucleus | "control center" houses dna instructions for protein that build and operate the cell makes mRNA |
| microtubule | proteins and organelles in place |
| fixed ribosomes | on RER endoplasmic reticulum - makes proteins for export out of cell |
| free ribosomes | makes proteins for use in cell |
| ribosomes | makes proteins |
| mitochondria | makes 95% of cells atp energy using oxygen from sugar , fat, proteins nutrients |
| intermediate flagment | proteins actin and myosin contract |
| cytoskeleton | proteins that support cell, provide movement and act as a "highway" in cell |
| cytoplasm | everything between nucleus and plasma membrane |
| cytosol | watery gel with proteins that speed up chemical reactions , makes 5% of cell energy |
| microfilaments | protein tubules acts as a highway in cell, pulls dna during cell division , part of cilia, flagella, and centrioles |
Created by:
angelinacitt
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