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Q1 Human Bio
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| cell | smallest unit of life, carry out essential life functions |
| molecule | chemical structure held together by covalent bonds |
| organ | collection of2+ tissues with a common function |
| tissue | community of similar cells that perform a specific function |
| organelle | discrete parts of cell with unique functions |
| organism | living being with cellular structure, can perform all physiologic functions for life |
| organ system | group of organs that performs a major function |
| cardiovascular system | delivers O2 and nutrients to tissues and equalizes body temperature |
| endocrine system | secretes hormones and regulates body processes |
| muscular system | enables movement and helps maintain body temperature |
| digestive system | processes food for body use and removes waste |
| reproductive system | produce sex hormones; males bring gametes to females, who support babies until birth and provide milk for the infant |
| ATP | adenosine triphosphate, provides energy to the cell |
| monosaccharide | smallest molecular units of carbohydrates (simple sugar), monomers, characterized by amount of Carbon atoms |
| fructose | monosaccharide |
| glucose | sugar |
| galactose | monosaccharide |
| cellulose | supports plant cell walls, monosaccharide |
| starch | sugar storage in plant cells |
| disaccharides | 2 macromolecules do dehydration-synthesis; provide energy and absorb nutrients |
| lipids | fats that insulate and store energy |
| polysaccharides | structural support and energy storage |
| phospholipids | lipid bilayer that helps protect the cell from environment |
| plasma membrane | fluid mosaic, multiple parts that separates cell from environment; glycolipids, glycoproteins, proteins, phospholipids, and steroids/cholesterols |
| monomers | small molecular subunits that form from polymer building blocks |
| proteins | speed chemical reactions, polymer made of chain of amino acids |
| nucleotides | energy and coenzymes. 5 nucleotides that go w/ 5 bases; five-carbon (pentose) sugar bonded to one of five nitrogen-containing bases and at least one phosphate group. |
| disaccharides | 2 sugars, act as energy source for the body |
| amino acids | construct proteins |
| chaperones | guide proteins along proper pathways for folding |
| nucleus | location of DNA in the eukaryotic cell, controls cell activity |
| ribosomes | site where protein synthesis begins |
| centriole | may fx in cell division |
| plant cells | cells in plants that perform various functions to sustain life |
| bacterial cells | Prokaryotic cells, unicellular, that |
| fungi | kingdom that contains mushrooms |
| animal cells | cells in animals that sustain life, eukaryotic |
| vacuoles | help contain waste products in cells |
| lysosome | digests materials |
| mitochondria | contains ATP, powerhouse of the cell (makes ATP?) |
| Golgi apparatus | modifies, sorts, and packages proteins |
| ER | produces proteins for the rest of the cell |
| RER | contains ribosomes, makes membrane |
| SER | makes lipids and detoxifies drugs |
| active transport | needs energy and goes against concentration gradient |
| passive transport | does not need energy and uses concentration gradient |
| simple diffusion | no carrier molecule, process where solutes are passed through a concentration gradient |
| facilitated diffusion | uses carrier molecules to help molecules move across a cell membrane |
| osmosis | diffusion, water crosses plasma membrane from higher water concentration to lower water concentration |
| hypertonic solution | red blood cell deflates, fluid has less water than cell and water leaves the cell |
| hypotonic solution | red blood cell bursts, extracellular fluid has lower concentration of solutes than fluid inside cell and water enters cell |
| isotonic solution | extracellular fluid has same osmolarity as cell, nothing happens to red blood cell |
| osmolarity | amt of substances dissolved in specific amount of solution |
| endocytosis | moves particles into cell |
| pinocytosis | takes solutes cell needs from extracellular fluid |
| phagocytosis | Cell takes in macromolecules it needs from extracellular fluid |
| exocytosis | expels material from cell into extracellular fluid |
| receptor-mediated endocytosis | uses binding proteins in plasma membrane for specific molecules/particles |
Created by:
mglen
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