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biolodgy 2
Biolodgy
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Atom | A basic unit of matter |
| Nucleus | Small, dense region within most nuclei in which the assembly of proteins begins |
| Electron | Negitivly charged particle located outside the atoms nucleus |
| Element | substance consisting entirely of one type of atom |
| Isotope | Atom of an element that has a number of neutrons different from that of other atoms of the same element |
| Compound | Substance formed by the chemical combinations of two or more elements in definite proportitions |
| Ionic bonds | Bonds formed when one or more electrons are transformed from one atom to the other |
| Ion | Atom that has a positive or negitive charge |
| Covalent bond | Bond formed by the sharing of electrons between atoms |
| Molecule | Smallest unit of most compounds |
| Van Der Waals Forces | a slight attraction that develops between the oppositly charged regions of nearby molecules |
| Cohesion | The sticking together of particles of the same substance |
| Adhesion | Attraction of molecules of one kind of molecules of a different kind |
| mixture | composed of variable proportions of a molecules and atoms |
| solution | a homogeneous mixture that is made up of a solute dissolved within a solvent |
| solute | a substance that can be dissolved into a solutions by a solvent |
| Suspension | A mixture of water ans non dissolved materials |
| pH scale | measurement system used to indecate the consentration of hydrogen ion in a solution ranges from 0-14 |
| Acid | A molecule or other entity that can donate a proton or accept an electron pair in reactions |
| Base | The nucleobase of a nucleotide involved in base pairing |
| Buffer | organic substance that maintains a constant pH over a givin range by neutralizing the effects of hydrogen ions |
| Monomer | small unit that can join together with other small units to form polymers |
| Polymer | large compound formed from combinations of many monomers |
| Carbohydrate | Compound made up of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms |
| monosaccharide | single sugar molecule |
| polysaccharide | large macromolecule formed from monosaccharides |
| lipid | Macromolecule made mainly from carbon and hydrogen atoms |
| Nucleic Acid | Macromoclecule containing hydrogen, oxygen,carbon, and phosphorus |
| Nucleotide | monomer of a necleic acids made of a 5-carbon sugar, phosphate group and a nitrogenous base |
| Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) | Single stranded nucleic acid that contains the sugar ribose |
| Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) | Nuclic acid that contains the sugar deoxyribose |
| protein | macromolecule that contains carbon,hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen needed by the body for growth nd repair and to make enzymes |
| Amine Acid | compound with an amino group on one end and a carbon group on the other end |
| Chemical reaction | process that changes one set of elements into another set of chemicals |
| Reaction | element or compound that enters into a chemical reaction |
| Product | element or compound produced by a chemical reaction |
| Activation Energy | energy needed to get a reaction started |
| WEATHER | Conditions of Earths atmosphere at a particular time and Place |
| CLIMATE | Average year after year conditions of temperature and precipitation in a particular region |
| GREENHOUSE EFFECT | Natural situation in which heat is retained in Earths atmosphere by carbon dioxide,methane,water vapor and other gases |
| POLAR ZONE | Cold climate zone where the suns rays strike the earth at a very low angle |
| TEMPERATE ZONE | Moderate climate zone between the polar zones and the tropics |
| TROPICAL ZONE | Warm climate zone that receives direct or nearly direct sunlight year round |
| BIOTIC FACTOR | Biological influence on organisms within an ecosystem |
| ABIOTIC FACTOR | Physical or nonliving factor that shapes an ecosystem |
| HABITAT | The area where an organism lives including the biotic and abiotic factors that affect it |
| NICHE | Full range of physical and biological conditions on which an organism lives and the way in which the organism uses those conditions |
| RESOURCES | A substance or object required by an organism for normal growth, maintenance and reproduction |
| COMPETITIVE EXCLUSION PRINCIPLE | 2 species cannot coexist in the same ecological niche for very long without becoming extinct or being driven out because of competition for limited resources |
| PREDATION | interaction in which one organism captures and feeds on another organism |
| SYMBIOSIS | A close, prolonged association between 2 or more different biological species |
| MUTUALISM | Association between organisms of 2 different species in which each benifits - plants/bees |
| COMMENSALISM | A relationship between individuals of 2 species in which on species benifits from the other without helping or harming the other - ramora fish/shark |
| PARASITISM | A relationship between the 2 living species in which one organism is benifiting at the expence of the other |
| ECOLOGICAL SUCCESSION | Gradual change in living communities that follows a disturbance |
| SECONDARY SUCCESSION | Succession following a disturbance that destroys a community without destroying the soil |
| PIONEER SUCCESSION | First species to populate an area during primary succession |
| ECOLOGY | A scientific study of interactions among organisms and between their environment |
| BIOSPHERE | Part of the earth in which life exists including land,water,and air or atmosphere |
| SPECIES | Group of similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring |
| POPULATION | Group of individuals of the same species that live in the same area |
| COMMUNITY | Assemblage of different populations that live together in a defined area |
| ECOSYSTEM | Collection of all the organisms that live in a particular place together with their nonliving environment |
| BIOME | Group of ecosystems that have the same climate and dominate communities |
| AUTOTROPH/PRODUCER | Organisms that can capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and use it to produce its food from inorganic compounds |
| PHOTOSYNTHESIS | Process by which plants and some other organisms use light energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and high-energy carbohydrates such as sugars or starches |
| CHEMOSYNTHESIS | Process by which some organisms, such as certain bacteria, use chemical energy to produce carbohydrates |
| HETROTROPH/CONSUMER | Organisms that relies on other organisms for its energy and food supply |
| HERBIVORE | Organism that obtains energy by eating only plants |
| CARNIVORE | Organism that obtains energy by eating only animals |
| OMNIVORE | Organism that obtains energy by eating both plants and animals |
| DETRITIVORE | Organisms that feeds on plant and animal remains and other dead materials |
| DECOMPOSER | Organism that breaks down and obtains energy from dead organic matter |
| FOOD CHAIN | Series of steps in an ecosystem in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten |
| FOOD WEB | Consists of all the food chains in a single ecosystem |
| TROPHIC LEVEL | Comprising organisms that share the same function in the food chain and the same nutritional relationship to the primary sources of energy |
| ECOLOGICAL PYRAMID | A graphical representation of the relationship between the different living organisms at different trophic levels |
| BIOMASS | The total quantity or weight of organisms in a given area or volume |
| BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES | Process in which elements , chemical compounds, and other forms of matter are passed from one organism to another and from one part of the biosphere to another. |
| EVAPORATION | Process by which water changes from a liquid to a atmospheric gas |
| TRANSPIRATION | Loss of water from a plant through its leaves |
| NUTRIENT | a substance that provides nourishment essential for growth and the maintenance of life. |
| NITROGEN FIXATION | Process of converting nitrogen gas into ammonia |
| DENTRIFICATION | Conversion of nitrates into nitrogen gas |
| PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY | Rate at which organic matter is created by producers in an ecosystem |
| LIMITING NUTRIENT | Single nutrient that either is scarce or cycles very slowly limiting growth of an organism in an ecosystem |
| ALGAL BLOOM | An immidiate increase in the amount of algae and other producers that result from large input of limiting nutrients |
| Bioaccumulation | an increase in the concentration of a chemical in a biological organism over time, compared to the chemical's concentration in the environment. |
| Biomagnification | the concentration of toxins in an organism as a result of its ingesting other plants or animals in which the toxins are more widely disbursed |
Created by:
rnaklmsmith
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