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Unit 2 Bio Quiz

QuestionAnswer
What are the four main biological macromolecules? Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
What is a polymer? The chained formed from polymerization
What is a monomer? The subunits of polymers.
What is polymerization? The creations of molecular chains from smaller subunits.
How do dehydration synthesis reactions work? Water leaving our reactants and becoming a product, creating more complex things.
How do hydrolysis reactions work? A larger molecule forms to our more smaller molecules and water is consumed as a reactant.
What is DNA? Hereditary material, set of instructions contains recipes that direct own cells to make things.
What is the purpose of DNA? Where is it stored? What is its shape? It gives the body recipes in order to know what to make and do, it is stored in the cell, occasionally in the nucleus. Has a double helix shape.
What is a nucleotide? And what are its three parts? A nucleotide is a monomer that binds together to make DNA strands. The three parts are pentose (5 carbon sugar), phosphate groups, and nitrogen base.
What is complimentary base pairing? The pairing of adenine and thymine, and the pairing of cytosine and guanine. Adenine and guanine are double ringed, cytosine and thymine are single ringed.
What are chromosomes? A thread-like structure and a complex network of protein and DNA.
What does the term eukaryotic mean? Organisms whose cells have a nucleus, animals, plants, fungi.
Chromosome structures? Made of telomeres at the top, centromeres in the middle, and arms on the side. They can be metacentric (centromeres in the middle), acrocentric (centromere almost at the end), telocentric ( at the end), or submeta centric (slightly uncentered).
What is the distinction between heterochromatin and euchromatin? Euchromatin is active and light band, where heterochromatin is inactive and dark band.
What is chromatin? When does a cell's chromatin take form of chromosomes? Chromatin is DNA + histone (protein). Spooled DNA around the histone.
What are homologous chromosomes? Have each of the same genes in the same order.
How many chromosomes are autosomes vs sex chromosomes? How many does each parent contribute? 44 autosomes and 2 sex. Each parent contributes 23 chromosomes.
What are the sex chromosomes? XY is male and XX is female
What are karyotypes? And how do we read them? An individuals complete set of chromosomes, normally an image of each chromosome pair isolated from eachother. We read them by telling which is odd or more.
What is a gene? Section of DNA that contain the set of instructions to produce one specific molecule in your body, usually a protein.
What is a genome? The complete set of genes present in a cell
Created by: chloesrice
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