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Chapter 1 Vocabulary
different types of anatomy and physiology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Anatomy | studies the structure of body parts & their relationship to one another |
| Physiology | concerns the function of the body, or how the body parts work/carry out their life-sustaining activities |
| Gross/Macroscopic Anatomy | the study of large body structures visible to the naked eye ex: heart, lungs, kidneys, etc |
| Systemic Anatomy | body structure is studied system by system |
| Surface Anatomy | the study of internal structures as they relate to the overlying skin surface |
| Microscopic Anatomy | deals with structures too small to be seen with the naked eye |
| Cytology | study of cells in the body |
| Histology | study of tissues |
| Developmental Anatomy | traces structural changes that occur throughout the life span |
| Embryology | a subdivision of developmental anatomy, concerns developmental changes that occur before birth |
| Renal Physiology | concerns kidney function and urine production |
| Neurophysiology | explains the workings of the nervous system |
| Cardiovascular physiology | examines the operation of the heart and blood vessels |
| Principle of Complementarity of Structure and Function | refers to what a structure can do in its specific form |
| Movement | includes the activities promoted by the muscular system, such as propelling ourselves from one place to another |
| Contractility | the muscle cell's ability to move by shortening |
| Responsibility/Excitability | the ability to sense changes in the environment and then respond to them |
| Digestion | the breaking down of ingested foodstuffs to simple molecules that can be absorbed into the blood |
| Metabolism | all chemical reactions that occur within body cells |
| Excretion | process of removing wastes or excreta from the body |
| Reproduction | occurs at the cellular and organismal level. The original cell divides, producing 2 identical daughter cells that can be used for body growth or repair |
| Growth | increase in size of a body part or the organism as a whole |
| Nurtrients | contain the chemical substances used for energy and cell building |
| Atmospheric Pressure | the force that air exerts on the surface of the body |
| Homeostasis | ability to maintain relatively stable internal conditions even though the outside world changes continuously |
| Feedback Control Loops | Variable -> Receptor -> Control Center -> Effector -> Response |
| Negative Feedback Mechanisms | the output shuts off the original effect of the stimulus or reduces the intensity |
| Positive Feedback Mechanisms | the initial response enhances the original stimulus so that further responses are even greater (loop never stops. MUCH more rare) |
| Anatomical Position | the body is erect with the feet slightly apart with palms facing forward |
| Directional Terms | allows us to explain where one body structure is in relation to another |
| Regional Terms | used to designate specific areas within these major body divisions |
Created by:
kresidori29
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