Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Marine Mammal test 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Taxon | a group of organisms |
| Node | the point at which two branches on a cladogram meet; represents a common ancestor-or a speciation event |
| Lineage or clade | a group of taxa defined by a synapomorphy |
| Synapomorphies | shared derived characteristics |
| Homologous traits | Traits share an evolutionary path that led to the development of that trait. |
| Analogous traits | Traits that look similar but do not share a common evolutionary origin |
| Parsimony | Technique of drawing a phylogenetic tree with the minimal number of character state changes |
| Maximum likelihood | Technique of drawing a phylogenetic tree with the maximum likelihood between genetic data |
| Artiodactyla | Order of the whales |
| Sirenia | Order of manatees and Dugongs |
| Carnivora | Order of the seals, sea lions, polar bears, otters |
| Cetacea | Infraorder of the whales |
| Pinnipedia | Infraorder of the seals, sea lions, and walruses |
| Arctoidea | Infraorder of the polar bears and otters |
| Mysticeti | Parvorder of the baleen whales |
| Odontoceti | Parvorder of the toothed whales |
| Ursida | Parvorder of the polar bears |
| Mustelida | Parvorder of the otters |
| Indohyus | A close relative to Cetacea, back to water |
| Mysticeti infraorder characters | 4 families 15 species baleen 2 blow holes communication symmetrical skull |
| Odontoceti infraorder characters | 10 families 70 species Sexual dimorphism one blow hole teeth echolocation unsymmetrical skull 5 digits in hand |
| Archaeocetes | Earliest whales Evolved from Raoellid Artiodactyla (52-42 Mya) |
| Pakiceti | oldest and most basal cetaceans Auditory bulla separated from cheekbone: underwater hearing |
| Ambuloceti | hindlimb well-developed , ‘walking whale’ |
| Protocetidae | Semiaquatic and swam with a robust tail and hind and forelimbs |
| Remingtonocetidae | Long narrow skulls and jaws and long snout for respiratory water retention |
| Basilosaurus | very reduced hindlimb |
| Dorudon | the first fully aquatic cetacean – short forelimb flippers, reduced hindlimbs, tail-based propulsion |
| Kekenodontidae | known for crania and teeth and placed within this genera |
| Family Balaenopteridae | fin whales or rorquals |
| Family Balaenidae | (bowhead, Balaena mys2cetus, and right whales, Eubalaena spp.) |
| Family Eschrichtiidae | gray whale, Eschrich2us robustus) |
| Family Neobalanenidae | Pygmy right whale |
| Characters of Balaenopteridae | Extremely long streamlined bodies, many longitudinal grooves along the throat, small dorsal fin, short baleen plates |
| Characters of Balaenidae | Large heads (up to 1/3 of the body length), strongly arched mouth, long baleen plates |
| Characters of Eschrichtiidae | Lack a dorsal fin, small dorsal hump followed by a series of dorsal median bumps, 2-4 throat grooves, fewer thicker whiter baleen plates |
| Characters of Neobalaenidae | Large anteriorly thrusted occiptial sheild, shorter/wider/less arched mouth, short baleen plates, dorsal fin, longitiunal furrows on throat, coarser baleen, small head, shorter humerus, 4 digits |
| Family Ziphiidae | Beaked whales, Cuiver's beaked whale |
| Characters of Ziphiidae | elongated beaks, teeth only on lower jaw, great deep divers |
| Family Physeteridae | Sperm whale |
| Characters of Phystereridae | very large head contains spermaceti and junk, deep diver, teeth only on lower jaw |
| Family Kogidae | Pygmy sperm whale and dwarf sperm whale |
| Characters of Kogidae | Small size, short rostrum |
| Family Platanistidae | Asian River dolphin |
| Characters of Platanistidae | Tiny eyes, long narrow beak, numerous narrow pointy teeth, broad paddle like flippers, absent dorsal fin |
| Family Pontoporidae | Franciscana/ la plata dolphin |
| Characters of Pontoporidae | Beak is very long to body size, many tiny teeth, estuaries and coastal areas of south atlantic |
| Family Innidae | Pink dolphin, the Boto, Amazon river dolphin |
| Characters of Innidae | conical front teeth and molariform posterior teeth |
| Family Lipotidae | The baiji, Chinese river dolphin |
| Family Delphinidae | Dolphins, killer whales, pilot whales |
| Characters of Delphinidae | Conical teeth, loss of posterior sac of nasal pasage, reduction of posterior end of left premaxilla. |
| Family phocoenidae | Porpoises |
| Characters of phocoenidae | stocky, no rostrum, spade like teeth, more triangular dorsal fin |
| Family Monodontidae | Beluga and Narwhal |
| Characters of Monodontidae | Artic/subarctic, lack dorsal fin and rostrum |
| Family otariidae | sea lions and fur seals |
| Characters of otariidae | external ear flaps, can use hindflippers to walk, small bodies, shallow divers |
| Family odobenidae | Walruses |
| Characters of odobenidae | large bodied, shallow diver, large tusks |
| Family phocidae | seals |
| Characters of phocidae | no ear flaps, they flop on bellies on land, larger body size, deep divers |
| Family trichechidae | Manatees |
| Characters of Trichechidae | Features of the skull and neural spines on vertebrae |
| Family Dungongidae | Dugongidae and Hydrodamalinae (Steller's sea cow) |
| Characters of Dungonigdae | absent nasals, consistent presence in juveniles of a deciduous first incisor, sexual dimorphism, permanent tusks |
| Desmostylia | only extinct order of marine mammals |
| Family Mustelidae | Sea otters |
| Family Ursidae | polar bears |
Created by:
user-1726065
Popular Biology sets