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Biology198 Exam 1

QuestionAnswer
What does absorbance measure? Measures the amount of light absorbed (captured) by the dissolved or suspended material.
What is biology? The study of living organisms, the plants, and animals of an area. The behavior and other qualities of a particular organism or group of them.
What is science? The study of both the structure and behavior of the physical and natural world through observation, experimentation, and the testing of theories against the evidence obtained.
What does theory mean? Theories are ideas intended to explain something; an idea used to account for a situation or justify a course of actions.
What's a hypothesis? A proposed explanation made on the basis of limited evidence as a starting point for further investigation. Rigorously tested and up for revision.
What's the scientific method? Observation, hypothesis, experiment, collect data, conclude, theory, and then accept/reject hypothesis.
What are some characteristics of life? Use of energy, organization, maintain homeostasis, reproduction, growth, responsiveness, and evolution.
What are the levels of organization in living things? lowest to highest Atom, molecule, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism, population, community, ecosystem, and biosphere.
At what level does life appear to begin? Cell
Give two examples of scientific theories? Germ theory and Big bang theory.
What drives evolution? Mutations in genes- mutations that lead to more useful traits have higher survival chances.
What does Darwin say about evolution? Natural selection is a mechanism for producing adaptive evolutionary change.
What is the difference between evolution and natural selection? Evolution is a process occurring over time, and natural selection is a powerful mechanism driving it. Natural selection affects individuals and evolution affects populations. Natural selection is NOT random.
What is relative fitness? The number of surviving offspring an individual produces relative to other individuals in the population.
What is speciation? The generation of new species.
How did antibiotic-resistant bacteria develop? Frequent, low doses of antibiotics that are not strong enough to kill ALL bacteria, encourages some to develop a means of survival.
What caused species to adapt to their surroundings? Natural Selection
Name some forces that act to limit population size The food chain, natural disaster, diseases, and living space.
What does "fitness is relative" mean? There's no perfect fitness type. Just some individuals are better at reproducing than others. Fitness differences are not absolute
What does evolution explain? The diversity of life which occurs in a cumulative way.
What is taxonomy? Classifying and naming living things.
Name the taxonomic classifications from smallest to largest. Species, genus, family, order, class, phylum, kingdom, and domain.
What is phylogeny? The study of evolutionary relationships.
Are taxonomy and phylogeny related? No
How can you tell how closely related two people are on a phylogenetic tree? The amount of DNA shared by 2 organisms is less the more distance there is between them on a family tree.
What does DNA contain? All the information needed to make an organism.
What are the three major domains in phylogenetic trees? Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya
What is cladistics? A method for determining evolutionary relationships.
What is a cladogram? A stylized diagram that looks like a series of Y's or forks in a road.
What are ancestral traits? A trait that is found in all members of the group for which you wish to construct a cladogram
What are derived traits? A trait that does not appear in the most recent ancestor; a trait that has resulted from evolutionary change in the ancestral group members.
What is an ecomorph? A group of organisms, sometimes even different species, whose appearances are similar because of similar environmental pressures in their habitat.
What is a limitation of science? and an example Science cannot explain everything- like god and religion
What three conditions are necessary for natural selection to operate? Variation, inheritance, and reproductive success.
Created by: acousins
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