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Bio Module 2
"Organisation of Living Things"
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Unicellular | A single celled organism that can carry all the functions of life |
| Multicellular | Consisting of many specialised cells. Cells of ______________ organisms will work together in groups to perform functions. |
| Colonial | Carry out all functions of life by itself, but work together to coordinate things (e.g. Movement). |
| Cell differentiation | The process by which a cell becomes specialised for a specific structure or function. |
| Tissues | Groups of similar cells that work together to form a layer and carry out a specific function |
| Organs | Groups of tissues that work together to perform a specific function |
| Organ system | A group of organs that work together in performing vital body functions |
| Transpiration | The process by which water is pulled from the roots of the plant through the stems and leaves and released through microscopic pores in the leaves called stomata. |
| Xylem | The vascular tissue that carries water upward from the roots |
| Phloem | The vascular tissue through which sugar and sucrose moves in some plants |
| Cohesion | Attraction between molecules of the same substance (e.g. water in transpiration) |
| Adhesion | An attraction between molecules of different substances (e.g. water to vascular walls) |
| Vascular bundle | Plant stem structure that contains xylem and phloem |
| Source | The place at which sugar and minerals are transported from |
| Sink | The place where sugars will be stored or used. |
| Translocation | The movement of sugars from the leaves to the rest of the plant through the phloem |
| Transpiration pull | When water evaporates from the leaves of a plant, water is pulled up to replace what was lost |
| Grana | The stacks of thylakoids embedded in the stroma of a chloroplast, where phase 1 of photosynthesis occurs |
| Stroma | Fluid portion of the chloroplast outside of the thylakoids, where phase 2 of photosynthesis occurs |
| Stomates | The openings or pores for the exchange of gases in plants |
| Lenticels | Small raised areas in the bark of stems and roots that enable gas exchange |
| Autotrophs | Organisms that make their own food |
| Heterotroph | An organism that obtains organic food molecules by eating other organisms or their by-products |
| Mechanical digestion | Physical breakdown of large pieces of food into smaller pieces to increase the surface area for enzymes to act on |
| Chemical digestion | Process by which enzymes break down food into small molecules that the body can use |
| Protease | The enzyme that digests protein to peptides |
| Lipase | The enzyme that breaks down fat to fatty acids and glycerol |
| Amylase | The enzyme that breaks down starch to simple sugars (monosaccharides, disaccharides) |
| Nuclease | The enzyme that digests nucleic acids |
| Cellular respiration | Process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen |
| Haemoglobin | A protein containing iron, found in red blood cells, which carries oxygen |
| Urea | A chemical that comes from the breakdown of proteins |
| Invertebrate | An animal without a backbone |
| Vertebrate | An animal that has a backbone |
| Photosynthesis | Conversion of light energy from the sun into chemical energy |
| Macronutrients | Chemical substances that an organism must obtain in relatively large amounts (carbohydrates, fat & proteins) |
| Micronutrients | Vitamins and minerals |
Created by:
Rosie--
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