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Populations
AQA A-level biology populations year 13
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Population | Individuals of the same specie living together in the same environment |
| Community | All the populations of all the different species living in a habitat at any one time |
| Ecosystem | The dynamic relationship between the community living in a habitat and its abiotic features |
| Species | Two organisms of a similar phenotype can reproduce together to produce fertile offspring |
| Niche | A specific role in a community which only one specie can occupy, this encompasses all of the physical and environmental features that the specie requires. No two species can occupy the same niche |
| Abiotic factors | A non-living part of an ecosystem that shapes its environment e.g., PH and salinity |
| Biotic factors | A living part of an ecosystem that shapes its environment e.g., competition and predation |
| Habitat | A place where a community of organisms live |
| Fundamental niche | The entire set of conditions under which a species can survive and reproduce itself |
| Realised niche | Realised niche is the set of conditions actually used by an organism, after interactions with other species (predation and especially competition) have been taken into account |
| Random quadrat sampling | Lay our 2 long tape measures at right angles, obtain a series of coordinates using a random number generator, place a quadrat at the intersections of each pair of coordinates and record the species within. This is to compare two areas |
| Transect interval sampling | Place a transect along an area and place the quadrat at regular intervals and record the species in it. This is used if you’re looking at a change in organisms over a certain distance when there is some sort of transition in conditions such as up a hill |
| Indicator species | Organisms that tell us about levels of pollution in an environment |
| Environmental Quality Index (EQI) | A measure of pollution based on the presence, abundance, and health of certain indicator species e.g., lichens for acid rain or aquatic invertebrates for water pollution. Calculated by dividing the observed population by the predicted population |
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