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Minerals & Igneous
Key words on minerals and igneous rocks
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Minerals | basic components of rocks; formed by cooling/crystallization from a saturated solution (why it crystallizes) |
| Mineral Requirements | -naturally occurring - inorganic (does derive from living matter) - homogenous internal structure (think ice) - definite chemical composition |
| Silicates | any mineral that has SiO2 (silicone dioxide); 95% of earth's minerals have silicates |
| Silicone Dioxide | - SiO2 - Quartz=purest silicate |
| Non-silicates | minerals that do not contain silicone dioxide (usually stand-alone elements) i.e: aluminum , iron |
| Luster | Natural reflection of light off mineral's surface - (earthy, dull; shiny, metallic= gold/silver) |
| Cleavage | 0 dir'n- irregular 1 dir'n- flat, sheet-like (i.e muscovite) 2 dir'n- stairstep (i.e feldspar) 3 dir'n- cubic (i.e halite) |
| Impurities (Physical Apperance) | pink in color |
| 3 Major Rock Groups | Igneous, metamorphic, sedimentary |
| Igneous Formation | solidification of magma |
| Bowen Reaction Series | determines sequence in a colling magma (crystallization of minerals depends on temperature) |
| Felsic | silica-rich; more than 50% light in color (white/pink) |
| Mafic | silica-poor; less than 50% dark in color (black, dark green, red) |
| Phaneritic | coarse-grained; cools slowly and intrusive |
| Intrusive | forms beneath earth's surface *describes igneous only* |
| Extrusive | forms above earth's surface *describes igneous only* |
| Aphanitic | fine-grained; extrusive |
| Glassy | think obsidian's appearance :) |
| Extrusive Traits | - glassy - aphanitic - ex: besalt, rhyolite and volcanoes |
| Intrusive Traits | - phaneritic |
| Pyroclastic Flow | volcanic ash mixed with water |
| Viscosity | *think movement of honey* high flow of movement = high viscosity and vice versa |
| Viscosity of Hawaiian Volcanoes | low viscosity because magma flows slowly and is mafic |
Created by:
tyty17
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