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Bio - The Cell
Biology Ch. 2 - The Chemical Basis of Life
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| matter | anything that takes up space and has mass |
| element | a substance that can't be broken down into other substances by ordinary chemical means |
| atomic symbol | the name of an element represented by 1 or 2 letters |
| neutrons | located in nucleus, no charge |
| protons | located in nucleus, positive charge |
| electrons | located in electron cloud, negative change |
| mass number | described an atom, is just about equal to the sum of its protons and neutrons |
| atomic number | the number of protons within the nucleus of an atoms |
| atomic mass | average value of the mass numbers for all isotopes of an element |
| isotopes | atoms of the same elements that differ in the number of neutrons |
| electron shell | or orbital; average location, or energy level, of an electron in an atom, often shown as a concentric circle around the nucleus of an atom |
| octet rule | states that an atom other than hydrogen tends to form bonds until it has 8 electrons in its outer shell |
| valence shell | outer energy shell of an atom |
| compond | when a molecule contains atoms of more than one element |
| ionic bond | when two atoms are held together by the attraction between opposite charges, electrons are GIVEN UP |
| ions | charged atoms |
| salts | solid substances that usually separate and exist as individual ions in water |
| covalent bond | results when two atoms SHARE electrons in order to have a complete outer shell |
| reactants | located on the left side of the arrow in a chemically balanced equation; molecules that PARTICIPATE in the reaction |
| products | located on the right side of the arrow in a chemically balanced equation; molecules FORMED by the reaction |
| electronegativity | ability of an atom to attract electrons toward itself in a chemical bond |
| polar | a bond in which the sharing of electrons between atoms is unequal |
| hydrogen bond | weak chemical bond between a slightly positive hydrogen atom on one molecule and a slightly negative atom on another molecule |
| hydrophilic | describes molecules that are attracted to water |
| hydrophobic | describes nonionized and nonpolar molecules that aren't attracted to water |
| cohesion | the ability of water molecules to cling to each other due to hydrogen bonding |
| adhesion | the ability of water molecules to cling to other polar surfaces, examples include hydrogen, oxygen, and fluorine atoms |
| acids | solutions that have a HIGHER hydrogen ion concentration, meaning they either RELEASE hydrogen or TAKE UP hydroxide ions |
| base | solutions that have a LOWER hydrogen ion concentration, meaning they either TAKE UP hydrogen or RELEASE hydroxide ions |
| pH | define as -log[H^+]; a mathematical way of indication the number of hydrogen ions in a solution |
| pH scale | used to indicate the acidity or basicity of a solution |
| buffer | a chemical or a combination of chemical that keep pH within established limits |
| radioactive isotopes | isotopes in which the nucleus decays spontaneously, giving off particles and energy |
| solvent | the DISSOLVING agent in a solution |
| solute | the substance that is DISSOLVED |
| aqueous solution | one is which water is the SOLVENT |
| surface tension | a measure of how difficult it is to break the surface of a liquid |
| temperature | measure of the intensity of heat |
| evaporative cooling | the process in which the remaining surface of a liquid cools down after a substance evaporates |
Created by:
Kendall Posey
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