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Investigating Cells

6.12CD, 7.12DF Taxonomy, Cell Theory, & Organelles

TermDefinition
TAXONOMY Branch of science that formally names & classifies organisms by their structure, function, & relationships.
STRUCTURE Arrangement of parts that form a living thing.
FUNCTION What something does.
EUKARYOTIC CELL Cell with a nucleus & membrane-bound organelles.
PROKARYOTIC CELL Cell lacking a nucleus or any other membrane-enclosed organelle.
UNICELLULAR ORGANISM Organism made up of 1 cell.
MULTICELLULAR ORGANISM Organism made up of more than 1 cell & often made up of different types of cells.
AUTOTROPH Organism that obtains its nutrition from simple, inorganic compounds.
HETEROTROPH Organism that's unable to make its own food from simple inorganic molecules.
REPRODUCTION Process by which organisms produce more of their own kind.
SEXUAL REPRODUCTION Reproductive process involving 2 parents whose genetic material is combined to produce a new organism different from themselves.
ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION Method of reproduction that requires only 1 parent.
DOMAINS Highest level of the taxonomic hierarchy; includes 3 groups: Archaea, Bacteria, & Eukarya.
DOMAIN BACTERIA 1 of 3 taxonomic domains; includes prokaryotic, single-celled organisms that lack a membrane-enclosed nucleus & that can be classified by shape.
DOMAIN ARCHAEA 1 of 3 taxonomic domains; includes unicellular prokaryotic organisms, like bacteria, but also share characteristics w/eukaryotes.
DOMAIN EUKARYA 1 of 3 taxonomic domains of organisms; cells contain a membrane-enclosed nucleus.
KINGDOMS 2nd highest level in taxonomic hierarchy; contains 6 groups: Archaea, Bacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, & Animalia.
KINGDOM BACTERIA Kingdom of prokaryotic, single-celled organisms that lack a membrane-enclosed nucleus & can be classified by shape.
KINGDOM ARCHAEA Kingdom of unicellular organisms that are prokaryotic, like bacteria, but also share characteristics with eukaryotes.
KINGDOM PROTISTA Kingdom of single-celled & simple multiple-celled eukaryotic organisms.
KINGDOM FUNGI Kingdom of heterotrophic eukaryotes that reproduce through asexual spores & have chitin in their cell walls.
KINGDOM PLANTAE Kingdom of autotrophic eukaryotes that includes all plants.
KINGDOM ANIMALIA Kingdom of heterotrophic eukaryotes that includes all animals.
CELL THEORY Widely accepted explanation of the relationship between cells & living things; explains that the cell is the fundamental structural & functional unit of living matter.
CELL Smallest unit of an organism; is enclosed by a membrane & performs life functions.
ORGANISM Individual form of life that's capable of growing, taking in nutrients, & usually reproducing (organ systems working together).
CELL DIVISION Process by which a cell divides into 2 new daughter cells.
MICROSCOPE Device that produces magnified images of structures that are too small to see with the unaided eye.
MICROSCOPIC Too small to be seen except under a microscope.
Organelle Tiny specialized cell structure that carries out a specific function within the cell.
Cell Membrane Thin tissue that forms the outer surface of the cytoplasm of a cell & regulates the passage of substances & materials in & out of the cell.
Nucleus Organelle found in eukaryotic cells that contains genetic material responsible for controlling the activities of the cell.
Cytoplasm Jellylike & fluid material that makes up much of a cell inside the cell membrane, surrounds the nucleus in eukaryotic cells, & in which the organelles are suspended; cyto = hollow
Mitochondrion Organelle in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells that functions in energy production - power factory of the cell.
Vacuole Organelle that stores water & nutrients in both plant & animal cells; 1 large central unit in plant cells, but many small units in animal cells.
Chloroplast Green organelle in plant cells that converts light energy into chemical energy (Photosynthesis); chlor = green; plast = small particle
Cell Wall Rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane of a plant cell to give it support & protection.
Photosynthesis Chemical reaction in which plants convert radiant energy into chemical energy; also converts carbon dioxide & water into oxygen & glucose; photo = light; synthesis = combine
Created by: trauberk
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