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CH 24
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is macroevolution? | Evolutionary changes that create new species and groups of species, typically occurs by the accumulation of microevolutionary changes |
| What is a species? | A group of organisms that maintain a distinctive set of attributes in nature |
| What is a subspecies? | groups of the same species that have somewhat different traits but not different enough to be called a separate species |
| What are ecotypes? | bacterial species - genetically distinct population adapted to local environment |
| What is reproductive isolation? | prevents one species from successfully interbreeding with other species |
| What are the four main problems for determining species? | 1. may be difficult to determine in nature 2. do interbreed yet maintain distinct characteristics 3. does not apply to asexual species 4. cannot be applied to extinct species |
| What is interspecies hybrid? | when two species do produce offspring |
| What is habitat isolation? | species occupy different habitats, so they never come in contact with each other (geographic barrier prevents contact) |
| What is temporal isolation? | reproduce at different times of the day or year |
| What is behavioral isolation? | sexual attraction between males and females of different animal species is limited due to differences in behavior or physiology. ex. changes in song |
| What is mechanical isolation? | size or incompatible genitalia prevents mating |
| What is gametic isolation? | gametes fail to unite successfully, which is important for species that release gametes into the water or air |
| what is hybrid inviability? | fertilized egg cannot progress past an early embryo |
| what is hybrid sterility? | interspecies hybrid is viable but sterile. ex. mule |
| what is hybrid breakdown? | hybrids viable and fertile but subsequent generations have genetic abnormalities |
| what is speciation? | formation of a new species |
| what is cladogenesis? | division of a species into two or more species, requires gene flow between populations to be interrupted |
| what is sympatric speciation? | occurs when members of a species that are within the same range diverge into two or more different species even though there are no physical barriers to interbreeding |
| What are mechanisms of sympatric speciation? | 1. polyploidy 2. hybrid speciation 3. adaptation to local environments 4. sexual selection |
| What is polyploidy? | organism has more than two sets of chromosomes |
Created by:
Lavernee
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