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Chapter 2
Acids/Bases, Organic/Inorganic
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Atoms with the same atomic number (number of protons), but different atomic weight (number of neutrons) | Isotopes |
| Atoms that have a positive or negative charge | Ions |
| Atoms that share electrons | Covalent Bonds |
| -Covalent bond between atoms, but electron is not shared evenly -leaves one end more positive and the other more negative | Polar Covalent Bonds |
| Starting material | Reactants |
| Atoms, ions, or molecules formed at the reactions conclusion | Products |
| Molecules that influence the RATE, not direction or chemical reaction | Catalysts |
| Substances that release ions in water | Electrolytes |
| Electrolytes that dissociate to release hydrogen ions in water; pH is less than 7.0 | Acids |
| Substances that combine with hydrogen ions; pH is greater than 7.0 | Base |
| Chemicals that resist pH change combines with H when ions are in excess or donate H+ when depleted | Buffers |
| Two major chemicals, including those that enter metabolic reactions or are produced by them | Organic and Inorganic |
| Chemicals that include carbon and hydrogen | Organic |
| Chemicals that include everything else; electrolytes | Inorganic |
| What are the inorganic substances? | Water, Oxygen Carbon Dioxide, and Salts |
| Inorganic substance - Most abundant compound in living material and accounts for about 2/3 of the weight of an adult human | Water |
| Inorganic substance - used by cellular organelles to release energy from the sugar glucose and other nutrients | Oxygen |
| Inorganic substance - Abundant in tissue and fluids -Source of many necessary ions -has role in metabolism | Inorganic Salt |
| What are the organic substances? | Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, and Nucleic Acids |
| Why is water necessary in many chemical reactions? | It is needed for digestion of foods and the synthesis of proteins |
| What happens when ionic substances dissolve in water? | The positive (+) and negative (-) ions separate, allowing the ions to transport with other molecules. |
| What elements do Carbohydrates consist of? | Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen |
| What are the 3 different types of carbohydrates? | Monosaccharides, Disaccharides, and Polysaccharides |
| What are the building blocks of Lipids (fats)? | Glycerol and fatty acids |
| Where do you find saturated fats? Where do you find unsaturated fats? | Saturated fats are more abundant in fatty foods that are solids at room temperature; unsaturated fats are in foods that are liquid at room temperature |
| What are the 3 functions of lipids in the human body? | Energy, structure (phospholipids, cholesterol), and regulation (control cell activities) |
| What are building blocks of proteins? | Amino acids |
| What are the 4 functions of proteins? | Regulation, structure, energy, and contraction |
| What are building blocks of nucleic acids? | Nucleotides |
| Where do you find nucleotides? | In DNA and RNA |
| What is the function of nucleotides? | Regulation, store information for protein synthesis, and heredity |
Created by:
MSTBB1
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