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Biology

Physical Properties

QuestionAnswer
Volume amount of space matter takes up
Mass amount of matter in an object
mass and weight is different bc mass _________ changes
Density Ratio of matter's mass to volume
volume for Density D=M/V
Desity determines what if something floats or not
Physical state form in which matter exists
4 physical states solid, liquid, gas, and plasma
Properties of matter ability to rust, ability to burn, and ability freeze/decompose
Chemical Properties characterstics of matter that allow it to change into new substance
Matter anything that occupies space and has mass
structure of matter the study of chemistry begins with the basic unit of matter- the ATOM
3 structure of atoms proton, neutron, and electron
proton Large mass, positively charged
neutrons large mass, no charge
electron small mass, negatively charged
strong forces bind protons and neutrons together to form the ______ - the center of the atom nucleus
electrons move around outside of the nucleus called the electron cloud
number of protons and electrons are ______, making the atom ________ equal; neutral
Element pure substance that consists entirely of one type of atom
more than 100 element known, but only about 2 dozens are commonly found in living organism - most common are what CHONPS
elements are represented by 1 or 2 symbols
each element has a unique number of _______ protons
atomic number equals the number of protons in an element
mass number # of protons plus the # of neutrons
Atoms of elements may have different number of ______ neutrons
isotope atoms of the same element that differs in the # of neutrons they contain
Atomic mass the weighted averages of an element isotope
because they have the same number of electrons, all isotopes of an element have the same chemical property
some isotopes are ____ _____ meaning that their nuclei are unstable and break down at a constant rate radio active
Radiation is used to do What detect and treat cancer
_____ _______ that causes food to spoil kills bacteria
compound substance formed by the cheimcal combination of 2 or more elements in definite proportions
the atoms in a compound are held together by various types of ____ ____ chemical bonds
Bond formation involves the electrons that surround each atomic nucleus AKA what valence electrons
the main types of bonds (2) ionic bonds and covalent bonds
ionic bond chemical bond formed when one or more electrons are transferred from 1 atom to another
atoms that lose become ___________ positively (cation)
atoms that gain become ___________ negatively (anion)
these positively and negatively charged atoms are called ______ ions
covalent bond type of bond between atoms in which the electrons are shared
the structure that results when atoms are joined by covalent bonds is called a ________ molecule
molecule covalently bonded compounds
water is _____ (unevenly distributed) polar
Polar molecules attract each other, forming _________ ______ hydrogen bonds
Hydrogen bonds attraction between a hydrogen atom and another atom that is negatively charged
amine formula NH2
Amine is used in what proteins
Phosphate formula PO4
phosphate is used in whatn nucleic acid
carboxylic acid formula COOH
carboxylic acid is used in what lipids
hydroxyl formula OH
hydroxyl is used in what carbohydrates
monomer small building block
ponomr large molecule formed by linking monomers
most macromolecules are formed from a process called dehydration synthesis
macromolecules are broken down process called hydrolysis
what are lipids macromolecules made mostly from carbon and hydrogen atoms
what are peptide covalent bond between the amino acid and the carboxyl group of another amino acid
monosascarides simplest carbohydrate
dissackride sugars made of two covalently bonded EX. Glucose fructose
polysaccharide giant polymers that consists of thousands of linked monosaccharide
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