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703 - Viruses

honors

TermDefinition
Virus - A tiny, nonliving particle that invades and then reproduces inside a living cell.
Parts of a virus - genetic material, capsid, a membranous envelope, and spike proteins
Spike proteins - enable the virus to attach and infect the next host cell
Viral genetic material - can be DNA or RNA
Capsid - A coat of protein that protects the genetic material of a virus
Virus envelopes - Found only in some viruses Common in animal viruses Surrounds the capsid
Lytic cycle - When the host cell makes many copies of the virus and then those viruses break open the host cell The host cell dies
Lysogenic cycle - When the viral DNA is added to the host cell's DNA Whenever the host cell copies its DNA, it also copies the virus
Phage - short for bacteriophage refers to viruses that infect bacteria
Prophage - the viral DNA that is embedded in the host cell's DNA during a lysogenic cycle
RNA viruses - viruses whose genetic material is RNA, not DNA
Retroviruses - A subset of RNA viruses which use the enzyme reverse transcriptase
Reverse transcriptase - an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of DNA based on viral RNA
HIV - human immunodeficiency virus the virus that causes AIDS Infects immune system cells
AIDS - acquired immune deficiency syndrome results from HIV destroying many immune system cells death results from secondary infections
T cells - a type of immune system cell
Emerging viruses - viruses that appear suddenly or are new to medical scientists
Vaccines - A dose of a disabled or destroyed pathogen that triggers an immune system response This immune system response prevents the recipient from being infected by the pathogen
Antiviral - drug used to treat viral infections
Antibiotics - Drugs that block the growth and reproduction of bacteria Do not work to treat viral infections
Created by: Mr. Ford
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