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703 - Prokaryotes

honors

TermDefinition
Prokaryote - A unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus and membrane bound organelles
Domain - A taxonomic category above the kingdom level. The three domains are Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya.
Prokaryotic domains - Archaea and Bacteria
pathogen - An organism that causes disease
Prokaryotic shapes - coccus, bacillus, spirillum
Cocci - spherical bacteria
Bacilli - Rod shaped bacteria
Spirilla - spiral shaped bacteria
Streptococci - cocci bacteria that group together into twisted chains
Staphylococci - cocci bacteria that form clusters
Cell walls - A rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane of most prokaryotes
Hypotonic - when comparing two solutions, the solution with the lesser concentration of solutes
Gram stain - A staining method that distinguishes between two different kinds of bacterial cell walls.
Gram-positive bacteria - Bacteria that have a thick peptidoglycan cell wall, and no outer membrane. They stain very darkly (purple) in Gram stain.
Gram-negative bacteria - Bacteria that have a thin peptidoglycan cell wall covered by an outer plasma membrane. They stain very lightly (pink) in Gram stain. Gram-negative bacteria are typically more resistant to antibiotics than Gram-positive bacteria.
Binary fission - A form of asexual reproduction in which one cell divides to form two identical cells Prokaryotes reproduce via binary fission
DNA transfer in bacteria - transformation, transduction, conjugation
Transformation - when a prokaryote takes in genetic material from its environment and incorporates it into its own genome
Transduction - when a virus picks up genetic material from one prokaryotes, transfers it to a different prokaryote, and the second prokaryote incorporates that genetic material into its genome
Conjugation - In bacteria, the direct transfer of DNA between two cells that are temporarily joined.
Pili - Short, hair-like structures on the surfaces of bacteria that allow bacteria to attach to each other and to transfer DNA
Extremophiles - Prokaryotes that can survive in extreme conditions Many archaebacteria are extremophiles
Prokaryote genomes - Consists of a single, circular chromosome and a plasmid
Plasmid - A very small, circular molecule of DNA found in prokaryotes
Endotoxin - A toxic component of the outer membrane of certain gram-negative bacteria that is released only when the bacteria die.
Exotoxin - a toxin released by a living bacterial cell into its surroundings.
Antibiotics - Drugs that kill bacteria or prevent them from reproducing Antibiotics are not effective at treating viral infections
Uses of prokaryotes - Antibiotics, bioremediation, some gut microbes provide us with minerals
Bioremediation - The use of organisms to remove pollutants
Created by: Mr. Ford
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