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701 - Evidence

Honors

TermDefinition
Mutation - Change in DNA
Alleles - Different versions of a gene Ex: alleles for blond hair, brown hair, black hair
Allele frequency - How common an allele is in a gene pool
Gene pool - All of the genes that exist in a species
natural selection - A process in which individuals that have certain inherited traits tend to survive and reproduce at higher rates than individuals lacking those traits
Evolution - The process by which species gradually change from generation to generation
Lamarckism - The hypothesis that traits acquired during your lifetime are passed on to offspring This hypothesis has been rejected (disproved)
Major lines of evidence for evolution - Fossils, biogeography, homologous structures, analogous structures, vestigial structures, embryology, molecular biology
Fossils - Remains or imprints of ancient organisms Show gradual changes in organisms over millions if years
Biogeography - Geographic distribution of species Supports evolution because organisms from diverse environments that are geographically close to each other are often more similar to each other than organisms that live in similar environments that are far away
Homologous structures - Similar in structure but serving different functions Ex: bones human arm and bird wing
Analogous structures - Same function but different structure Ex: white fur and white feathers in polar organisms
Vestigial structures - Structures with no function They are vestiges, or traces, of a functioning structure of an ancestor Ex: whale pelvic bones
Embryology - Embryos of very different organisms have similar embryos This is because they share a common ancestor
Molecular biology - The study of DNA and heredity All living things use DNA The more closely related organisms are, the more similar their DNA
Artificial selection - When humans breed organisms for certain traits Ex: dogs
Speciation - When two lineages of a species become so different that they can no longer breed The formation of new species from earlier species
allopatric speciation - speciation caused by geographic isolation Ex: the Galápagos finches
sympatric speciation - When a species diverges into two separate species despite not being geographically separated
Allo- - different
-patric - homeland
Created by: Mr. Ford
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