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LIFESCIENCEUNIT1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Scientific Theory | A hypothesis that has been tested repeatedly using the scientific method |
| Scientific Law | A statement that is accepted by a universal fact; often expressed as a mathematical expression |
| Cell Membrane | A thin barrier that forms the boundary of cells but is also permeable |
| Cytoplasm | A mixture of salt and water that suspends the organelles within the cell |
| Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum | Has a grainy appearance from the presence of ribosomes; the ribosomes produce proteins in the RER |
| Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum | Smooth appearance from absence of ribosomes; SER produces fats & lipids for the cells, produces calcium for the muscles, and removes toxins from the cell |
| Lysosome | Used for digestion within the cell; Digests foreign material such as bacteria and food particles which enables waste removal |
| Golgi Apparatus | Receives lipids & fats that SER produces and sends them to other organelles; produces lysosomes |
| Nucleus | Largest organelle in the cell and contains the genetic information; acts as the control center for the cell, controlling the organelles |
| Ribosome | Organelles that create proteins; human body contains around 100,000 proteins |
| Mitochondria | Power houses of the cell; chemical reactions in the mitochondria cause an outburst of energy within the cell |
| Vacuole | Stores nutrients for later use; Also stores waste products so the cell is free from contamination |
| Eukaryotic vs Prokaryotic | Eukaryotic cells have a defined nucleus while prokaryotic cells lack a defined nucleus |
| Animal Cells vs Plant Cells | Animal cells have a cell membrane while plant cells have a cell wall, a larger vacuole, & chloroplasts which produce chlorophyll |
| Skeletal Muscle Tissue | Attach to bones and allow people to move their limbs; Can perform voluntary movements |
| Smooth Muscle Tissue | Line the body's internal hollow organs; involuntary muscles and contract slowly to move food through the body |
| Cardiac Muscle Tissue | Only the heart contains cardiac tissue, which helps the heart pump blood through the body; involuntary muscles |
| Nervous Tissue | Tissue that sends signals to and from the brain, so a body can carry out processes; acts like a messenger service in the body; responsible for receiving, processing, and responding to internal & external stimuli |
| Epithelial Tissue | Forms a protective inner and outer lining for organs and blood vessels; squamous is flat, cuboidal are cubic, and columnar are taller than they are wide |
| Connective Tissue | Binds other tissues in the body and holds bone structures in place; makes up fat, cartilage, tendons, and ligaments |
| Neurons | Specialized cells in the nervous system that help in the transmission of of messages |
| Cell Body | The cell body, cyton, or soma, is the main support center; it contains the neuron's nucleus |
| Dendrites | Extensions branching out from the cell body; react with chemicals secreted by other neurons and help in the movement of electrical impulses |
| Axon | Long, slender projection that extends from the cell body; carries messages from the neuron to other neurons, muscles, or glands |
| Myelin Sheath | An insulating layer of fat that protects an axon; helps increase electrical conduction |
| Sensory Neurons | Carry signals from the environment to the nervous system |
| Motor Neurons | Facilitate the relaxation and contraction of muscles; carry signals away from the nervous system |
| Autonomic Neurons | These neurons carry out all involuntary actions |
| Response to Stimuli | Sensory Input ----> Integration ----> Motor Response |
| Sensory Input | A sensory receptor receives the stimuli from the environment |
| Integration | The brain processes the signal and creates a response |
| Motor Response | The brain stimulates the motor neurons to stimulate an organ to act |
| Retina | The layer in the back of the eye that contains photoreceptors |
| Optic Nerve | The nerve that connects the eye to the brain |
| Cones | A photoreceptor in the eye that processes color vision |
| Rods | A photoreceptor in the eye that processes night vision |
| Auditory Receptors | A sensory receptor that detects sound |
| Olfactory Receptors | A sensory receptor that detects smell |
| Taste Buds | A group of cells in the mouth that contain sensory receptors for taste |
Created by:
MagnusCarlsen
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