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Earth Science S1
Earth Science
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Science | The investigation and exploration of natural events and of the new information that results from those investigations |
| Observation | Act of using one or more of your senses to gather information and taking note of what occurs |
| Inference | A logical explanation of an observation that is drawn from prior knowledge or experience |
| Hypothesis | Possible explanation for an observation that can be tested by scientific investigations |
| Prediction | A statement of what will happen next in a sequence of events |
| Technology | Practical use of scientific knowledge, especially for industrial or commercial use |
| Scientific Theory | Explanation of observations or events that is based on knowledge gained from many observations and investigations |
| Scientific Law | Rule that describes a pattern in nature |
| Critical Thinking | Comparing what you already know with the information you are given in order to decide whether you agree with it |
| Description | A spoken or written summary of observations |
| International System of Units (SI) | Internationally accepted system of measurement |
| Significant Digits | number of digits in a measurement that you know with a certain degree of reliability |
| Variable | Any factor that can have more than one value |
| Independent Variable | The factor that you want to test. It is changed by the investigator to observe how it affects the dependent variable |
| Dependent Variable | The factor you observe or measure during an experiment |
| Map View | Drawn as if you were looking down on an area from above Earth's surface |
| Profile View | Drawing that shows an object as though you were looking at it from the side |
| Map Legend | Key that list all the symbols used on the map |
| Map Scale | Relationship between the distance on a map and the actual distance on the ground |
| Longitude | the distance in degrees east or west of the prime meridian |
| Latitude | the distance in degrees north or south of the equator |
| Time Zone | area on Earth's surface between two meridians where people use the same time |
| International Date Line | Line of longitude 180 degrees east or west of the prime meridian |
| Topographic Map | Shows detailed shapes of Earth's surface along with its natural and human made features |
| Elevation | Height above sea level of any point on Earth's surface |
| Relief | Difference in elevation between the highest and lowest point in an area |
| Contour Lines | Lines on a topographic map that connect points of equal elevations |
| Contour Intervals | Elevation difference between contours that are next to each other |
| Slope | Measure of steepness of the land |
| Geologic Maps | Show the surface geology of the mapped area |
| Cross Section | Profile view that shows a vertical slice through rocks below the surface |
| Remote Sensing | Process of collecting information about an area without coming into physical contact with it |
| Density | Amount of mass or substance in a material |
| Geosphere | Solid part of earth including soil and earths rocky center |
| Sphere | A shape like a ball |
| Gravity | Force of attraction that exists between every object and every other object that exists because of mass |
| Asthenosphere | Plastic, flowing layer within the mantle |
| Core | Earth's dense metallic center |
| Crust | Rocky, outermost layer of Earth |
| Lithosphere | Rigid layer that includes the crust and uppermost mantle |
| Magnetosphere | Outer part of Earth's magnetic field |
| Mantle | Thick middle layer in the solid part of Earth |
| Landform | Topographic features formed by processes that shape Earth's surface |
| Plains | Landforms with low relief and low elevation |
| Plateaus | Areas with low relief and high elevation |
| Mountains | Landforms with high relief and high elevation |
| Mineral | Naturally occurring, inorganic solid with a definite chemical composition and an orderly arrangement of atoms or ions |
| Silicate | member of the mineral group that has silicon and oxygen in its crystal structure |
| Crystallization | Occurs when particles dissolved in a liquid or a melt solidifying and form crystals |
| Magma | Molten rock stored beneath Earth's surface |
| Lava | Molten rock that has erupted on or near Earth's surface |
| Mineralogists | Scientists who study the distribution of minerals, mineral properties, and their uses |
| Luster | The way a mineral reflects or absorbs light at its surface |
| Streak | The color of a mineral in powdered form |
| Hardness | The resistance of a mineral to being scratched |
| Cleavage | Property of minerals that break with a smooth, flat surfaces |
| Fracture | Property of minerals that break with uneven surfaces |
| Density | an object's mass divided by its volume |
| Ore | Rock that contains high enough concentrations of a desired substance like metal that it can be mined for a profit |
| Gemstone | a rare and attractive mineral that can be worn as jewelry |
| Weathering | The mechanical and chemical processes that change objects on Earth's surface over time |
| Mechanical Weathering | Physical processes naturally break rocks into smaller pieces |
| Chemical Weathering | Changes materials that are part of a rock into new materials |
| Oxidation | Combines the element oxygen with other elements or molecules |
| Soil | Mixture of weathered rock, rock fragments, decayed organic matter, water, and air |
| Organic Matter | Remains of something that was once alive |
| Pores | Small holes and spaces |
| Decomposition | Process of changing once living material into dark-colored organic matter |
| Parent Material | Starting material of soil |
| Climate | Average weather of an area |
| Topography | Shape and steepness of the landscape |
| Biota | All of the organisms that live in a region |
| Horizon | Layers of soil formed from the movement of the products of weathering |
Created by:
shelbystrand
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