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NSG101 Oxygenation

Alkalosis and Acidosis

QuestionAnswer
s/s of Resp Alkalosis confusion, difficulty concentrating; circumoral, nasal or extremity numbness/tingling; muscle twitching/tetany; palpations or thready peripheral pulses; tyspnea; tachypnea
s/s of ACUTE Resp Acidosis increased pulse and respiratory rate; headache & dizziness; decreased LOC, confusion; muscle twitching;
s/s of CHRONIC Resp Acidosis headache; weakness
What is Resp Alkalosis? acute reduction of carbon dioxide; hyperventilation is the primary cause of resp alakalosis: hypocarbia/hypocapnia; pH of above 7.45; fewer H+ (hydrogen ions)
What is Resp Acidosis? inadequate ventilation and subsequent retention of carbon dioxide: hyperventilation: hypercarbia/hypercapnia; pH below 7.35: more H+ (hydrogen ions)
What is pH? hyrdogen ion concentration in blood (most common measure is arterial blood); relationship of Bicarbonate (HCO3) to Carbonic Acid (H2CO3); regulated by chemical, respiratory, and renal mechanisms
Abnormal Range= Respiratory Acidosis pH= less than 7.35 (more acid) PCO2 greater than 45 mmHg
Abnormal Range= Respiratory Alkalosis pH= more than 7.45 PCO2 less than 35 mmHg
Causes of Respiratory Acidosis? Hypoventilation; airway obstruction; medullary trauma; neuromuscular conditions; emphysema; chest injury; pneumonia; pulmonary edema; cardiac arrest; drug overdose; COPD;
Causes of Respiratory Alkalosis? Pulmonary causes: acute asthma; pulmonary vascular disease; pneumonia Non pulmonary causes: aspirin toxicity; fever; metabolic acidosis; fear/anxiety; inflammation of CNS; gram neg septicimia; hepatic failure; medications (progesterone, epinephrine)
Created by: 1595379027
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