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Oncology Nur. part 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Characteristic of Benign Tumors | Cells resemble the parent tissue |
| Characteristic of Benign Tumors | Usually encapsulated |
| Characteristic of Benign Tumors | Grows slowly and by expansion |
| Characteristic of Benign Tumors | Does not recur or metastasize |
| Characteristic of Benign Tumors | Does not casue systemic symptoms or death |
| Characteristic of Cancer Cells | abnormal cells |
| Characteristic of Cancer Cells | cells that serve no useful function |
| Characteristic of Cancer Cells | cells that are harmful to normal body tissues |
| Characteristics of Cancer Cells | Have rapid/continuous cell division |
| Characteristics of Cancer Cells | Don't respond to signals for apoptosis |
| Characteristics of Cancer Cells | Show anaplastic morphology |
| Characteristics of Cancer Cells | Have a large nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio |
| Characteristics of Cancer Cells | Lose some or all differentiated functions |
| Characteristics of Cancer Cells | Adhere loosely together |
| Characteristics of Cancer Cells | Are able to migrate |
| Characteristics of Cancer Cells | Grow by invasion |
| Characteristics of Cancer Cells | Are not contact inhibited |
| Characteristics of Cancer Cells | Are aneuploid |
| Cancers left untreated cause? | Impaired immune and hematopietic functionAltered GI structure and functionMotor and sensory deficitsDecreased Respiratory function |
| This most often occurs in clients with leukemia and lymphoma? | Invasion of bone marrow |
| Clients who have cancer, especially leukemia, are at risk for? | Infection |
| When cancer invades the bone marrow, it causes two things to happen? | 1. Decreases the number of RBC'S=ANEMIA2. Decreases the number of Platelets=THROMBOCYTOPEINIA |
| When cancer alters the GI function it can cause what two things? | 1.Nutrition impairment2.Constipation |
| Impaired GI function can be caused from cancer doing what? | Tumors may obstruct or compress structures |
| This organ has an important function in metabolism and many tumors like to spread here? | The liver |
| Reduced liver function leads to what? | malnutrition |
| Cachexia means what? | Extreme body wasting and malnutrition |
| Motor movement and sensory deficits occur when cancers invade what two areas? | The bone or the brain. Or compress nerves. |
| In clients with bone metastases,does the primary cancer start in another organ? | True |
| In bone metastases, the sites most often affected are what 4 areas? | 1. vertebrae2. ribs3. pelvis4. femur |
| Bone metastases causes what 3 things? | 1. fractures 2. Spinal cord compression3. hypercalcemia |
| When tumors press on blood and lymph vessels in the chest, this can result in what? | pulmonary edema and dyspena |
| Tumors that press on the chest can cause thicken in the alvelor membrane and damage to the pulmonary blood vessels causing this? | Reduced gas exchange |
| These three types of cancers like to invade bone,brain or compress nerves. What are they? | 1. Prostate 2. Breast 3. lung |
| This happens when cancer cells were once normal cells but changed to no longer look, grow, or function normally? | Malignant Transformation |
| This happens when cancer begins to transform by the genetic mutation of the cellular DNA? | Malignant Transformation |
| Malignant neoplasms are what type of cells? | Cancerous cells |
| When abnormal cell clones and proliferates abnormally and become invasive it is known as? | malignant Transformation |
| The process of changing a normal cell into a cancer cell is known as? | Malignant Transformation |
| Name the 4 steps in malignant transformation? | 1. Initiation 2. Promotion 3. Progression4. Metastasis |
| What should you teach cancer survivor clients? | The importance of limiting dietary fat, smoked meats, and red meats. |
| The oldest form of treating cancer and was the first method to cure cancer was what? | Surgery |
| If cancer is confined to the removed tissue,can it result in a "cure?" | Yes |
| This type of surgery is performed when a client has either an existing "premalignant" condition or a known family history that strongly predisposes the person to develop cancer? | Prophylaxis |
| The removal of a benign mole is what type of surgery? | Prophylaxis |
| Surgery to provide proof of cancer is called what type of surgery? | Diagnosis or Biopsy |
| What is it called when multiple needle or incisional biopsies are performed in tissues where metastasis is suspected or likely | Staging |
| Completely removing an entire lesion without removing any adjacent normal tissue is what type of biopsy? | Excisional |
| Removing a wedge of suspected tissue from a larger tissue mass, leaving some tumor cells in the tissue is called what type of biopsy? | Incisional |
| Aspirating cells in a fluid or in very soft tissue is called what type of biopsy? | needle |
| Boring a "core" of solid tissue or making a punch, scrape, or bite is what type of biopsy? | needle |
Created by:
motlow
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