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Hannah's stack
Apologia Biology Module 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is a Pathogen? | An organism that causes disease. |
| What is a Saprophyte? | An organism that feeds on dead matter. |
| What is a Parasite? | An organism that feeds on a living host. |
| What is an Aerobic organism? | An organism that requires oxygen. |
| What is an Anaerobic organism | An organism that does not require oxygen. |
| What is a Steady state? | A state in which members of a population die as quickly as new members are born. |
| What is Exponential growth? | Population growth that is unhindered because of the abundance of resources for an ever-increasing population. |
| What is Logistic growth? | Population growth that is controlled by limited resources. |
| What is Conjugation? | A temporary union of two organisms for the purpose of DNA transfer. |
| What is a Plasmid? | A small, circular section of extra DNA that confers one or more traits to a bacterium and can be reproduced separately from the main bacterial genetic code. |
| What is Transformation? | The transfer of a DNA segment from a nonfunctional donor cell to that of a functional recipient cell. |
| What is Transduction? | The process in which infection by a virus results in a DNA being transferred from one bacterium to another. |
| What is an Endospore? | The DNA and other essential parts of a bacterium coated with several hard layers. |
| What are Strains? | Organisms from the same species that have markedly different traits. |
| What does the capsule do to benefit the cell? | It surrounds the cell wall and deters infection-fighting agents. |
| What does the cell wall do to benefit the cell? | It holds the contents of the bacterium together, regulates the amount of water that a bacterium can absorb, and holds the cell into one of the 3 basic shapes. |
| What does the plasma membrane do to benefit the cell? | Its chemicals regulate what the bacterium takes in from the outside world. |
| What does cytoplasm do to benefit the cell? | It supports the DNA and the ribosomes. |
| What do ribosomes do to benefit the cell? | They make proteins which help the other parts of the cell do their jobs. |
| What does the fimbriae do to benefit the cell? | They either grasp surfaces to help the bacteria to adhere to them, or they grasp other bacteria as a part of reproduction. If the fimbriae are used in reproduction, they are called sex pili. |
| What does the flagellum do to benefit the cell? | It helps the bacterium move. Without it, which is the case for some organisms, it is uncapable of movement. |
| What are the 3 parts called that help the flagellum move? | The filament, the hook, and the basal body. The filament attaches to the hook, the hook slides into a rod, (which sticks through the cell wall) and the rod is what makes up the basal body. |
| What are the two means by which autotrophic bacteria create their own food? | Photosynthesis and chemosynthesis. |
| Does a Gram-Negative or a Gram-Positive bacterium show up red after using a Gram stain? | A Gram-negative bacterium. |
| A bacterium has no cell walls. To which phyla should it be placed into? | Phylum Tenericutes. |
| Does a Gram-negative or Gram-positive bacterium show up blue after using a Gram-stain? | A Gram-Positive bacterium. |
| A bacterium is classified as Grampositive. To which phyla should it be placed into? | Phylum Firmicutes. |
| A bacterium appears red after a Gram stain. To which phyla should it be placed into? | Phylum Gracilicutes. |
| A bacterium has a cell wall that is different from both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. To which phyla does it belong | Phylum Mendosicutes. |
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HLup2nogood
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