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407 Respiratory Sys
Honors
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Major structures of the respiratory system - | nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, and lungs |
| Functions of the respiratory system - | gas exchange to get O2 into the blood and CO2 out of the blood |
| Why do we need oxygen? - | for cellular respiration oxygen is the final electron acceptor of the electron transport chain the digestive system absorbs glucose the circulatory system delivers that glucose to cells the respiratory system provides the oxygen needed for CR |
| ventilation - | movement of air into and out of the lungs |
| Conducting zone - | the portion of the respiratory that consists of passageways for air to enter and exit the lungs but in which gas exchange does not occur consists of the nasal cavity, the pharynx, the larynx, the bronchi, and the bronchioles |
| Respiratory zone - | site of gas exchange consists of the alveoli |
| direction of inhaled air - | nasal cavity -> pharynx -> larynx -> trachea -> bronchi -> bronchioles -> alveoli |
| nasal cavity - | hollow space behind the nose contains hairs and mucus that filter inhaled air also warms and humidifies air |
| Nostrils - | the openings of the nose |
| pharynx - | throat both food and air pass through the pharynx |
| larynx - | voice box located at the top of the trachea covered by the epiglottis when swallowing you are able to speak when you exhale air through the larynx |
| trachea - | connects the larynx to the bronchi |
| bronchi - | two branches located at the lower end of the trachea that carry air into the lungs bronchi branch into bronchioles |
| bronchioles - | tiny passageways that lead to the alveoli |
| Lungs - | two spongy organs, located in the thoracic cavity enclosed by the diaphragm and rib cage contains bronchioles and alveoli because they contain the alveoli, the lungs can be said to be the organ in which gas exchange occurs |
| alveoli - | tiny air sacs in the lungs site of gas exchange oxygen diffuses into the pulmonary capillaries CO2 diffuses into the alveoli |
| pulmonary capillaries - | tiny blood vessels that surround the alveoli oxygen in the alveoli diffuses into pulmonary capillaries carbon dioxide in the pulmonary capillaries diffuses into the alveoli AKA alveolar capillaries |
| surfactant - | chemicals secreted by the alveoli disrupts the attractive force between water molecules which would otherwise cause the alveoli to stick shut the attractive force in this case is called surface tension |
| Thoracic cavity - | chest cavity protected by the ribs |
| Diaphragm - | Large, flat muscle at the bottom of the chest cavity during inhalation, the diaphragm contracts, pulling downward and expanding the volume of the lungs |
| ribs - | The bones in the chest that protect the heart and lungs During inhalation, muscles between the ribs contract this contraction pulls the ribs outward and upward, causing the volume of the lungs to expand |
| pressure gradient - | Pressure difference between two space gases rush from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressures |
| negative pressure breathing - | a breathing system in which air is pulled into the lungs by creating a pressure gradient when the volume of the lungs is increase, this lowers the air pressure in the lungs, and this decrease in air pressure causes air to rush into the lungs |
| inhalation - | breathing in caused by the diaphragm contracting and pulling air into the lungs |
| exhalation - | breathing out caused by the diaphragm relaxing, which reduces the volume of the lungs, pushing air out |
| pH - | acidity a lower pH is more acidic blood pH is supposed to be about 7.4 the pH of blood is what the brain monitors in order to determine the appropriate breathing rate |
| CO2 and blood pH - | CO2 is a waste product of cellular respiration As it builds up in your blood, it causes the pH of blood to decline |
| medulla oblongata - | a part of the brain it monitors blood pH when blood pH goes too low, it sends a signal to the diaphragm and rib muscles to increase the breathing rate and the depth of breathing |
| homeostatic control of breathing - | as CO2 in the blood increase, the pH of the blood goes down the medulla oblongata detects this and sends a signal to the diaphragm and rib muscles to |
| partial pressure - | the pressure of each gas in a mixture for our purposes, you can treat "partial pressure" as synonymous with "concentration" |
| Why does oxygen diffuse from the atmosphere into the pulmonary capillaries? - | the concentration of oxygen in the atmosphere is high relative to the concentration in the blood gases move from high concentration to low concentration |
| Why does oxygen diffuse from the blood into the tissues? - | the concentration of oxygen in the blood is higher than the concentration of oxygen in the tissues because the cells of the tissues are constantly using up oxygen |
| Why does CO2 diffuse from the pulmonary capillaries into the alveoli? - | the concentration of CO2 in the blood is higher than in the atmosphere because the tissues are constantly releasing CO2 into the blood |
| Why does CO2 diffuse from the tissues into the blood? - | the cells are constantly producing CO2, so the concentration of CO2 in the tissues is higher than the concentration of CO2 in the blood |
| hemoglobin - | a protein that contains iron it transports oxygen from the lungs to the tissues it also transports most CO2 from the tissues to the lungs |
| CO2 in the blood - | most CO2 in the blood binds to hemoglobin the rest combines with water to form carbonic acid, and that carbonic acid breaks down into bicarbonate and hydrogen ions an increase in hydrogen ions is what it means for acidity to increase |
Created by:
Mr. Ford
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