Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
403 Nervous System
Honors
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Major structures of the nervous system - | brain, spinal cord, nerves, sensory organs |
| Neurons - | nerve cells The cells of the nervous system that can store information and transmit signals |
| Functions of the nervous system - | Detect stimuli Interpret stimuli Determine if a response is necessary If so, determine the appropriate response Sends signals to muscles to initiate a response Shorthand: sensory input, integration, motor output |
| integration - | in the nervous system, refers to analyzing and interpreting sensory information and formulating an appropriate response |
| types of neurons - | sensory, motor, interneurons |
| sensory neurons - | neurons that detect stimuli and convey a signal to the central nervous system "Detecting stimuli" is also phrased as "receiving information" |
| Interneurons - | the neurons that the brain and spinal cord are composed of They receive signals from sensory neurons They send signals to other interneurons and to motor neurons |
| motor neurons - | neurons that carry outgoing information from the brain and spinal cord to the muscles and glands |
| Major divisions of the nervous system - | central nervous system and peripheral nervous system CNS and PNS |
| CNS - | central nervous system Consists of the brain and spinal cord Receive information from sensory neurons, processes that information, send commands to muscles |
| PNS - | peripheral nervous system Consists of the sensory neurons and the motor neurons |
| Parts of a neuron - | cell body, dendrites, axon |
| Neuron cell body - | AKA the neuronal soma The part of the neuron that contains the nucleus |
| Dendrites - | they are branchlike they receive incoming information |
| Axon - | Tail-like Sends outgoing information |
| synapse - | where two neurons meet or where a neuron and a muscle cell meet also called the "junction" of two neurons there is often a gap between the terminus of the axon and the dendrites of the receiving neuron |
| glia - | non-neuron cells in the nervous system that support, nourish, and protect neurons Schwann cells are one type |
| Schwan cells - | found in the PNS produce the myelin sheath |
| myelin sheath - | covers the axons of some neurons composed of Schwann cells increases the speed of the signals sent along the axon |
| nodes of Ranvier - | gaps in the myelin sheath |
| membrane potential - | the voltage difference between the outside and inside of the cell neurons are negative inside and positive outside this charge difference is caused by ion concentrations this electrical charge is used to send signals |
| ions - | charged atoms there are positive ions inside and outside the cell but there are more of these ions outside the cell than inside it |
| resting potential - | The membrane potential of a neuron that is at rest the cell is constantly moving ions into and out of the cell in order to maintain this resting potential |
| sodium-potassium pump - | a protein in the membrane of neurons that pumps sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions into the cell it helps maintain the resting potential |
| Na - | Sodium |
| K - | potassium |
| action potential - | a neural impulse; a brief electrical charge that travels down an axon Involves ions rushing into and out of the neuron along the length of the axon |
| voltage-gated ion channels - | Channels that open or close in response to a change in the membrane potential Involved in the transmission of action potentials along an axon |
| Neurotransmitters - | chemical messengers that cross the synaptic gaps between neurons |
| synaptic cleft - | gap between adjacent neurons |
| vesicles - | small membrane sacs transport substances within a cell they transport neurotransmitters to the cell membrane so they can be released into the synaptic cleft |
| gray matter - | neuron cell bodies in the brain |
| white matter - | axons in the brain |
| cerebrospinal fluid - | the fluid in and around the brain and spinal cord |
| brain - | an organ of soft nervous tissue contained in the skull of vertebrates, functioning as the coordinating center of sensation and intellectual and nervous activity. |
| spinal cord - | a major part of the central nervous system which conducts sensory and motor nerve impulses to and from the brain |
| divisions of the motor neurons - | the autonomic nervous system and the motor system |
| autonomic nervous system - | the part of the peripheral nervous system that controls the glands and the muscles of the internal organs (such as the heart). Its sympathetic division arouses; its parasympathetic division calms. |
| motor system - | carries signals to skeletal muscles and is voluntary |
| divisions of autonomic nervous system - | sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system |
| parasympathetic nervous system - | the division of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body For instance, it is the parasympathetic nervous system that stimulates the salivary glands controls the "rest and digest" response |
| sympathetic nervous system - | the division of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body controls the "fight or flight" response |
| Relay | Send Transmit |
Created by:
Mr. Ford
Popular Biology sets