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LHS AP Bio 2
LHS AP Bio Cell Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| actin | protein that forms microfilaments in muscle and other contractile elements |
| centriole | A structure in an animal cell used in cell division. |
| Centrosome | important during cell division; the microtubule-organizing center. |
| chloroplast | organelle found only in plants that conducts photosynthesis |
| chromatin | complex of DNA and proteins that makes up a eukaryotic chromosome |
| chromosome | consists of one very long DNA molecule and associated proteins |
| cillium (cillia) | A short cellular appendage specialized for locomotion |
| collagen | A glycoprotein found extensively in connective tissue and bone |
| contractile vacuole | A membranous sac that helps move excess water out of the cell. |
| cristae | An infolding of the inner membrane of a mitochondrion |
| cytoskeleton | A network of microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments |
| desmosome | an intercellular junction in animal cells that functions as an anchor. |
| flagellum | A long cellular appendage specialized for locomotion |
| food vacuole | A membranous sac formed by phagocytosis. |
| gap junction | An intercellular junction in animal cells that allows the passage of material or current between cells |
| gycoprotein | A protein covalently attached to a carb |
| golgi apparatus | An organelle that modifies, stores, and routes products of the endoplasmic reticulum. |
| Granum | A stacked portion of the thylakoid membrane in the chloroplast. |
| Integrin | Receptor proteins that connect the extracellular matrix and cytoskeleton. |
| lysosome | membrane-enclosed bag of hydrolytic enzymes found in the cytoplasm |
| microfilament | A solid rod of actin in the cytoplasm making up part of the cytoskeleton |
| microtubule | A hollow rod of tubulin in the cytoplasm of cells; found in cilia, flagella, and the cytoskeleton. |
| matrix | compartment of the mitochondrion enclosed by the inner membrane |
| mitochondrion | An organelle that serves as the site of cellular respiration. |
| Myosin | A protein filament that interacts with actin filaments to cause cell contraction. |
| nucleolus | specialized structure in the nucleus, active in the synthesis of ribosomes. |
| nucleus | The chromosome-containing organelle of a eukaryotic cell. |
| organelle | One of several formed bodies with specialized functions, suspended in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. |
| peroxisome | A microbody containing enzymes that produce and then degrade hydrogen peroxide. |
| phagocytosis | A type of endocytosis involving large, particulate substances. |
| plasma membrane | The membrane at the boundary of every cell that acts as a selective barrier |
| plasmodesma | An open channel in the cell wall of plants connecting adjacent cells. |
| plastid | organelle that contains its own DNA (not the nucleus) |
| prokaryotic cell | cell lacking a membrane-enclosed nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles |
| psedopodium | A cellular extension of amoeboid cells used in moving and feeding. |
| ribosome | site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm; consists of rRNA and protein molecules |
| Rough ER | endoplasmic reticulum studded with ribosomes. (products used by cell) |
| Smooth ER | endoplasmic reticulum that is free of ribosomes. (produces products for export) |
| stroma | The fluid of the chloroplast surrounding the thylakoid membrane |
| thylakoid | A flattened membrane sac inside the chloroplast, used to convert light energy to chemical energy |
| tight junction | An intercellular junction in animal cells that prevents the leakage of material between cells |
| transport vessicle | A tiny membranous sac in a cell's cytoplasm carrying molecules produced by the cell. |
| vessicle | A sac made of membrane inside of cells. |
| aquaporin | A transport protein in the plasma membrane of a plant or animal cell that facilitates diffusion of water |
| concentration gradient | An increase or decrease in the density of a chemical substance in an area. |
| cotransport | The coupling of the "downhill" diffusion of one substance to the "uphill" transport of another against its own concentration gradient. |
| diffusion | tendency of a substance to move from a more concentrated to a less concentrated area. |
| electrochemical gradient | The diffusion gradient of an ion |
| endocytosis | the cellular uptake of macromolecules and particulate substances by localized regions of the plasma membrane |
| exocytosis | secretion of macromolecules by the fusion of vesicles with the plasma membrane. |
| flaccid | Limp |
| fluid mosaic membrane model | the membrane is a mosaic of individually inserted protein molecules drifting laterally in a fluid bilayer of phospholipids. |
| gated channel | A protein channel in a cell membrane that opens or closes in response to a particular stimulus. |
| hypertonic | the one with a greater solute concentration. |
| hypotonic | the one with a lesser solute concentration |
| integral proteins | proteins that completely span the hydrophobic interior of the membrane. |
| isotonic | Having the same solute concentration as another solution. |
| ligand | A molecule that binds specifically to a receptor site of another molecule. |
| membrane potential | The charge difference between the cytoplasm and extracellular fluid in all cells |
| osmoregulation | The control of water balance in organisms |
| phagocytosis | endocytosis involving large, particulate substances. |
| pinocytosis | cell ingests extracellular fluid and its dissolved solutes |
| plasmolysis | the cytoplasm shrivels and the plasma membrane pulls away from the cell wall when the cell loses water |
| proton pump | uses ATP to force hydrogen ions out of a cell and, generates a membrane potential. |
| receptor-mediated endocytosis | lets a cell to acquire bulk quantities of specific substances. |
| sodium-potassium pump | protein in the plasma membrane that transports sodium out of the cell and potassium into the cell against the gradients. |
| transport protein | transmembrane protein that helps a substances cross the membrane. |
| turgid | Firm, result of the entry of water from a hypotonic environment |
Created by:
delozierr
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