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parent/child: ch 7
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Trimesters | 1st: 0 - 13 weeks; 2nd: 14 - 27 weeks; 3rd: 28 - 40 weeks |
| Uterus | Also known as ‘fundus’; house of pregnancy |
| Fundal height | Measures the height of the uterus; + or - 2 difference is OK as long as it is consistent throughout the pregnancy |
| Contractions | Helps with pushing; Braxton Hicks: fake contractions that are usually caused from dehydration |
| Lightening | Fetus descends into the pelvis |
| Hegar sign | Softening & compressibility of the lower uterine segment (uterine isthmus) occurs; in this position, the uterine fundus presses on the bladder, causing the woman to experience urinary frequency |
| Factors that decrease uterine blood flow | Low maternal arterial pressure, uterine contractions, & maternal supine position |
| Uterine souffle | Bruit; a rushing or blowing sound of the maternal blood flowing through uterine arteries to the placenta that is synchronous with the maternal pulse |
| Funic souffle | Synchronous with the fetal heart rate & is caused by fetal blood coursing through the umbilical cord |
| Ballottement | Passive movement of the unengaged fetus; it is a technique of palpating a floating structure by bouncing it gently & feeling it rebound |
| Quickening | The first recognition of fetal movements, or “feeling life” |
| Goodell sign | Probable sign of pregnancy - in a normal, unscarred cervix, softening of the cervical tip can be observed about the beginning of the 6th week |
| Friability | Tissue is easily damaged |
| Mucous plug (Operculum) | Acts as a barrier against bacterial invasion of the uterus |
| Amenorrhea | Menstrual periods cease |
| Chadwick sign | Increased vascularity results in the violet-blue color of the vaginal mucosa & cervix |
| Leukorrhea | White or slightly gray mucous vaginal discharge with a faint musty odor |
| Striae gravidarum | Stretch marks |
| Lactogenesis stage I | During the second trimester, human placental lactogen stimulates the secretion of colostrum |
| Cardiovascular changes in pregnancy | HR: increases 10 - 20 beats/min; BP: slight or no decrease; blood volume: increases by 40% - 45% by 32 weeks, plateaus or decreases slightly until term; cardiac output: increases 30% - 50% |
| Physiologic anemia of pregnancy | State of hemodilution; Because the the plasma increase is greater than the increase in RBC production, there is a decrease in the normal hemoglobin & hematocrit values |
| A pregnant woman is considered anemic when… | 1st & 3rd trimester: hemoglobin is less than 11 & hematocrit is less than 33%; 2nd trimester: hemoglobin is less than 10 & hematocrit is less than 32% |
| Respiratory changes in pregnancy | Pregnancy-related dyspnea is common; conditions commonly seen: sinus stuffiness, nosebleed, voice changes, marked inflammatory response even if mild, impaired hearing, earache, or sense of fullness in ears; RR does not change; there’s an increase in O2 |
| GI changes in pregnancy | Epulis - red, raised nodule on the gums that bleeds easily; ptyalism - excessive salivation; pyrosis - heartburn; hypereremesis gravidarum - when vomiting is severe & persists beyond the 1st trimester; pica - nonfood cravings; constipation |
| Urinary changes in pregnancy | Urinary stasis: holding urine -> can cause an UTI -> infection can lead to preterm labor; normal to pass glucose in urine |
| Melasma | Blotchy, brownish hyperpigmentation of the skin over the cheeks, nose, & forehead, especially in pregnant women with dark complexions |
| Linea nigra | Pigmented line extending from the symphysis pubis to the top of the fundus of the midline |
| Angiomatas | Vascular spiders |
| Palmar erythema | Pinkish red, diffusely mottled, or well-defined blotches that are seen over the palmar surfaces of the hands |
| Diastasis recti abdominis | During the 3rd trimester, the rectum abdominis muscles can separate, allowing abdominal contents to protrude at the midline |
| Neurological changes in pregnancy | Headaches; enhanced sense of hearing & smell; carpal tunnel syndrome - paresthesia & pain in the hand, radiating to the elbow |
| Pregnancy tests | hCG is the earliest biological marker for pregnancy; take 1st thing in the morning; anticonvulsants & tranquilizers can cause false-positive results whereas diuretics & promethazine can cause false-negative results |
Created by:
tatianalopez03
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