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Stack #38956
RRC Maintenance - Inflammatory Bowel diseases
| question | answer |
|---|---|
| ulcerative colitis | An inflammation of the bowel that begins at the rectum and spreads proximally with "moth-eaten" appearanc e of intestines with multiple hemorrhages, scattered yellowish patches and open ulcerations |
| cardinal sign of UC | bloody diarrhea |
| extra-colonic manifestation of UC | polyarthritis, skin lesions, liver impairment, opthalmic complications (iritis, uveitis) |
| risk factors for UC | age (16-25; >50years), female, Jewish descent, family hx of allergies, hx of previous GI infections, immunological disorders (autoimmune, DM, etc), increased risk with family history |
| Crohn's disease | involves segment of GI tract from mouth to anus, but predominantly ascending and right transverse colon -> cobblestone appearance with fistula development |
| biggest concern with Crohn's | small bowel obstruction |
| why is there an increased risk of infection in an individual with Crohn's? | stool can get caught in pockets of "cobblestone" |
| s+sx of Crohn's | RUQ pain, tenderness, spasm, flatulence, nausea, fever, diarrhea |
| risk factors for Crohn's | age >30years, genders equal, Caucasian of East Europe descent, |
| celiac disease | characterized by intolerance to protein gluten which is present in wheat, rye, barley, oats. Villi flatten and reduces area of absorption in the small intestines |
| s+sx of celiac disease | steatorrhea, exceedingly foul-smelling stool, malnutrition, muscle wasting in buttocks/legs, anemia, anorexia, abdominal distention, irritability, fretfulness, uncooperativeness, apathy |
| definitive diagnostic test for celiac disease | jejenal biopsy |
| risk factors for celiac disease | age (~6mths when solid foods are being introduced), female, Caucasian, |
| What grains are used for a child with celiac disease? | rice and corn |
| What type of diet will a child with celiac disease eat? | high in calories and protein with simple CHO (fruits and veggies), low in fats. High-fibre foods may be restricted at first until inflammation of bowels lessens. NO WHEAT, RYE, BARLEY OR OATS |
| celiac crisis | in very young children...acute severe episode of profuse watery diarrhea and vomiting |
| toxic megacolon | extreme dilation of affected area...could lead to obstruction possible resulting in perforation and peritonitis |
| paralytic ileus | cause by an obstruction with decreased peristalsis past the obstruction |
| tachycardia | r/t pain, infection, dehydration and possible shock |
| lethargy | as result of inadequate perfusion of O2 to brain |
| decrease in serum protein/serum albumin | results in ascites |
| prostration | self-strangulation of bowels where they turn on themselves blocking blood flow and passage of feces |
| rectal bleeding more common in ____________? | ulcerative colitis |
| abdominal pain most common in _________________? | Crohn's |
| fistula/abscess formation most common in ________________? | Crohn's |
| Most likely to malnourished? | celiac disease |
| villi flattened | celiac disease |
| "moth-eaten" | ulcerative colitis |
| cobblestone | Crohn's |
| interventions for abdominal pain | use of anti-spasmotics, analgesics, positioning |
| diarrhea nursing interventions | assessment of stool pattern, assessment of lytes, bedrest and decrease activity during exacerbations, maintain odour-free env't, provide perianal care |
| interventions for promoting psychosocial well-being | promote rest periods, encourage venting of feelings, utilize deodorizer in client's room |
| antimicrobial | prevent or treat secondary infection |
| 5-ASA | decrease GI inflammation |
| prednisone | decreases inflammation |
| anticholinergics | decrease GI motility and secretions and relieves smooth muscle spasms ...need to be care due to risk of causing toxic megacolon |
| sedatives | reduces anxiety and restlessness |
| antidiarrheals | decrease GI motility...need to be care due to risk of causing toxic megacolon |
| immunosuppressants | suppresses immune response |
| hematinics and vitamins | correct iron deficiency anemia and promote healing |
| type of diet for ulcerative colitis and Crohn's | low residue elemental diet |
Created by:
bella83
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