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Physiology Finals
Finals Weeks 1-15
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Homeostasis can best be described as | A state of relative constancy |
| Pathogenesis can be defined as: | the course of disease development. |
| Of the 11 major body systems, which is the least involved in maintaining homeostasis? | Reproductive |
| Shivering to try to raise your body temperature back to normal would be an example of: | the body trying to maintain homeostasis and a negative feedback mechanism |
| Which of the following is not one of the basic components in a feedback control loop? | Transmitter |
| If the secretion of oxytocin during childbirth operated as a negative-feedback control loop, what effect would it have on uterine contractions? | Oxytocin would inhibit uterine contractions. |
| The contraction of the uterus during the birth of a baby is an example of _____ feedback | Positive |
| Which energy-releasing or energy-transferring molecule does not contain a nucleotide? | Creatine Phosphate |
| Amino acids frequently become joined by: | Peptide Bonds |
| Which lipid is part of vitamin D? | Steriods |
| Prostaglandins and steroids share which of the following characteristics? | Both have a ring structure in their molecule. |
| The basic building blocks of fats are: | Glycerol and Fatty Acids |
| All of the following substances are organic except: | electrolytes |
| When two molecules of glucose are joined, they form which disaccharide? | Maltose |
| During which stage of mitosis do the centrioles move to the opposite poles of the cell? | Prophase |
| Diffusion requires: | Concentration Gradient |
| Phagocytosis is an example of: | endocytosis |
| The correct order of the phases of mitosis is: | prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase |
| Transcription can be best described as the: | Synthesis of mRNA |
| Which is true about the sodium and potassium pump? | Three sodium ions are taken out of the cell |
| Diffusion of particles through a membrane by means of a carrier molecule is called: | facilitated diffusion. |
| Basement membrane is composed of molecules made by _____ tissue. | Connective and Epithelial |
| Which of the following is not a characteristic of smooth muscles? | Having intercalated disks |
| Of the five epidermal cell layers, the only one that can undergo mitosis is the stratum: | Basale |
| Which cells form the blood-brain barrier that protects the brain from harmful substances in the blood? | Astrocytes |
| Which type of connective tissue helps newborns maintain body temperature by producing heat? | Brown Fat |
| Appositional growth of cartilage occurs when chondrocytes begin to divide and secrete | additional matrix |
| In intramembranous ossification, the process of appositional growth refers to the: | addition of an outside layer of osseous tissue on flat bones. |
| During childbirth, a baby passes through an imaginary plane called the: | Pelvic Outlet |
| If the cribriform plate is damaged, there is a chance of: | infectious materials passing from the nose to the brain. |
| The primary ossification center of a long bone is located: | in the diaphysis |
| In terms of function, which is considered an immovable joint? | Synarthrosis |
| In the structure called a triad, the T-tubule is sandwiched between: | sacs of sarcoplasmic reticulum |
| Attempting to pick up an object too heavy to lift would result in which type of muscle contraction? | Isometric |
| Most body movements are _____ contractions. | Isotonic |
| The opposite of eversion is: | Inversion |
| Which is true of an action potential? | The outside of the plasma membrane is negatively charged, and the inside is positively charged. |
| A slight shift away from the resting membrane potentials in a specific region of the plasma membrane is called a _____ potential. | Local |
| For a neurotransmitter to produce an inhibitory postsynaptic potential, which of the following channels must open? | Potassium and/or chloride channels |
| Neurotransmitters are released in a synapse and bind to: | receptors on the postsynaptic neuron |
| Which of the following is true of spatial summation? | Neurotransmitters released simultaneously from several presynaptic knobs converge on one postsynaptic neuron. |
| A mixed nerve is one that: | carries both sensory and motor fibers. |
| Damage to the _____ nerve could make the diaphragm unable to function. | Phrenic |
| The spinal tract that is located in the side of the cord, originates in the brain, and terminates in the spinal cord is the _____ tract. | lateral corticospinal |
| `The preganglionic neurons of both the sympathetic and the parasympathetic divisions are cholinergic. | True |
| All of the following cranial nerves are involved in proprioception except the: | Vagus |
| How does a dually innervated autonomic effector differ from a singly innervated autonomic effector? | A dually innervated effector receives input from both sympathetic and parasympathetic pathways. A singly innervated autonomic effector receives input from only the sympathetic division. |
| Impulses sent over which of the following tracts could result in voluntary movement, especially of the hands, fingers, feet, and toes of the opposite side? | Lateral corticospinal |
| Dynamic equilibrium depends on the functioning of the | crista ampullaris. |
| Which of the following is not a characteristic of the endocrine system? | Chemical messenger travels a short distance. |
| The type of cells that secrete ACTH are: | corticotrophs. |
| Which of the following is a function of glucagon? | Tends to increase blood glucose concentrations |
| Movement of hair cells in the organ of Corti against the _____ membrane can stimulate nerve impulse condition. | Tectorial |
| Factors that affect the strength of myocardial contraction are called | inotropic factors |
| The mechanisms of which three hormones work together to regulate blood volume? | aldosterone, ANH, and ADH |
| Pyrogen molecules trigger the fever response by promoting the production of | prostaglandins. |
| The _____ postulates that when an antigen enters the body, it selects the clone whose cells are committed to synthesizing its specific antibody and stimulates these cells to proliferate and to thereby produce more antibodies | clonal selection theory |
| Which of the following constitutes total lung volume? | Residual volume and vital capacity |
| During inspiration, the expansion of the lungs causes: | a decrease in alveolar pressure. |
| The PCO2 in alveolar air is _____ blood. | less than in the systemic venous, equal to the systemic arterial |
| Carbon dioxide is carried in three forms in the blood. Ranking them from greatest to least amount carried, the sequence would be | bicarbonate ion, carbaminohemoglobin, and dissolved in plasma |
| Which blood vessel carries absorbed food from the GI tract to the liver? | Portal Vein |
| The final product of carbohydrate digestion is a | monosaccharide. |
| The sodium cotransport or coupled transport acts to transport sodium ions and glucose molecules _____ the GI lumen. | passively out of |
| Which phase(s) of gastric secretion is(are) stimulated by the sight, taste, and smell of food? | Cephalic phase |
| The hormone thought to be a messenger causing release of digestive enzymes from the intestinal mucosa is: | vasoactive intestinal peptide |
| When the adrenal cortex is stimulated to increase its secretion of aldosterone, the first thing that happens is a(n): | increase in the kidney tubule reabsorption of sodium. |
| When the effective filtration pressure equals zero: | no net transfer of water occurs between blood and interstitial fluid. |
| What is the most abundant cation in intracellular fluid? | Potassium |
| Which of the following ratios of base bicarbonate to carbonic acid will maintain a normal pH? | 20:1 |
| What is the name of the so-called ovulating hormone? | Luteinizing hormone |
| Which of the following is not a function of the Sertoli cells? | They produce testosterone. |
| The phase of the menstrual cycle that occurs between the expulsion of the ovum from the ovary and the onset of menses is the _____ phase. | Luteal |
| When the knee is flexed, the patella can easily be distinguished. | False |
| Which of the following is not a characteristic of the diaphysis? | Provides a bulbous shape for the attachment of muscle |
| Which of the following is not a part of the neuromuscular junction? | T-tubules |
| Which of the following statements is incorrect about motor units? | The more muscle fibers stimulated by a motor neuron, the more precise the movements of that muscle can be. |
| The fastest nerve fibers in the body can conduct an impulse that is how much faster than the slowest fibers in the body? | Almost 300 times faster |
| A decrease in blood pH below normal tends to: | Stimulate increased respirations. |
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