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Stack #38923
RRC Maintenance - Leukemia/Lymphomas/other cancers...
| question | answer |
|---|---|
| ALL | acute lymphocytic leukemia |
| leukemia | results in the myeloproliferation of immature and non-functional leukocytes |
| AML | acute myelogenous or myelocytic leukemia |
| ALL | lymphocytes |
| AML | granulocytes (esp. neutrophils) |
| Which is more common in young adults? | AML |
| Treatment option for AML? | Bone marrow transplant |
| Bone marrow transplant | involves harvesting bone marrow from donor and infusing into leukemic client, massive chemo and radiation prior to tranplantation with high risk for sepsis; if transplant fails, death due to hemorrhage, infection and DIC possible |
| Disseminated intravascular coagulation | severe hemorrhage and clotting as result of depletion of plasma proteins adn concurrent clotting as fibrin is deposited in capillary beds resulting in severe tissue damage secondary to hypoxia |
| CML | chronic myelogenous or myelocytic leukemia |
| Cause of CML | excessive development of mature neoplastic granulocytes in the bone marrow which ultimately gets into the blood and infiltrates liver and spleen |
| philedelphia chromosome | CML |
| What happens in a blastic crisis? | fatal acute leukemia results |
| CLL | chronic lymphocytic leukemia |
| characteristic of CLL | production and accumulation of functionally inactive but long-lived mature-appearing cells typically involving B-lymphocytes |
| s+sx of ALL | pyrexia, pallour, anorexia, overt signs of bleeding, lethargy, malaise, large joint and bone pain, hepatomegaly, lymphadenopathy |
| s+sx of AML | simular to ALL, however also infections that don't resolve, sternal tenderness |
| s+sx of CML | no symptoms in early disease, fatigue, weakness, fever, sternal tenderness, weight loss, joint pain, bone pain, massive splenomegaly, increased diaphoresis |
| s+sx of CLL | no symptoms frequently detected during examination for unrelated condition, chronic fatigue, anorexia, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly and adenopathy |
| what is the goal for chemotherapy in leukemic clients? | bone marrow will repopulate with normal cells |
| Why isn't radiotherapy used in treatment of leukemia | leukemia is a systemic condition and radiation therapy is used to get rid of localized tumors |
| lymphoma | malignant neoplasm originating in bone marrow and lymphatic structures resulting a proliferation of lymphocytes |
| Hodgkin's lymphoma | normal structure of lymph node destroyed by hyperplasia of monocytes and macrophages; believed to arise from single location and then spread to adjacent lymphatics eventually infiltrating other organs (liver, spleen, lungs) |
| Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma | abnormal malignant lymphocytes being proliferation of lymph nodes and disseminate to live and bones, spread unpredictable and widely disseminated disease at time of dx...may develop into leukemia |
| clinical manifestation of Hodgkin's lymphoma | painless lymph node enlargement in neck, groin, axilla, pyrexia, night sweats, pruritis, hepatomegaly, other symptoms are dependent upon initial area of involvement, bacterial infection r/t impaired lymphocytes |
| clinical manifestations of Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma | painless lymph node enlargement, other symptoms present depending upon where disease has spread (ie: hepatomegaly in liver involvement), may have fever, night sweats, weight loss if high-grade lymphoma |
| Reed-Sternberg cells | Hodgkin's lymphoma |
| definitive diagnostic test for Hodgkin's lymphoma | lymph node biopsy |
| medical treatment for Hodgkin's lymphoma | stage1/2: high-dose radiation; stage 3/4 chemo added to regimen....may need bone marrow transplant if myelosuppression results |
| medical treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma | dependent upon staging: can be radio or chemotherapy |
| ABCD of melanoma | a = asymmetry; b = border; c = colour; d = diameter |
| cancer | uncontrolled growth pattern with no defined end to growth cycle...has ability to invade other tissues |
| cancer staging (TNM) | T - extent of primary tumour; N - the absence or presence and extent of regional lymph node metastasis; M - absence/presence of distant metastasis |
| common site of metastasis | bones, lungs, liver, brain |
| why is it difficult to treat brain tumours with chemo? | chemotherapy drugs generally do NOT cross the blood-brain barrier |
| PSA | prostate-specific antigen |
| CEA | carcinogenic embroyonic antigen |
| HCG | human chorion gonadotropin - testicular cancer |
| side effects of chemo | N+V, fatigue, alopecia, stomatitis, hemorrhagic cystitis, neurotoxicity, diarrhea/constipation, cardiotoxicity, pulmonary fibrosis, altered taste, induced menopause, sterility, myelosuppression (anemia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia) |
| goal of radiation tx | deliver max radiation necessary to destroy tumor cells but deliver minimal radiation to normals to provide cure, control cancer growth or improve quality of life dependent upon extent of cancer |
| side effects of radiation tx | fatigue, skin reactions, difficulty/pain when swallowing, SOB/cough, pain in chest, radiation pneumonitis, radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis |
| antiangiogenesis | limits blood supply to tumour, neutralizes growth factor, retards tumour growth and development, starves tumour and stop further growth, prolong disease-free survival |
| hormone replacement therapy | interferes with cancer by manipulating use of estrogen and testosterone in body |
| biotherapy | agents that modify the relationship between tumour and host by modifying body's response to tumour cells |
| oncology emergencies | tumour lysis syndrome, hypercalcemia, superior vena cava syndrome, spinal cord compression |
Created by:
bella83
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