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cell cyclemitosismei

cell cycle

QuestionAnswer
Cell theory: All living things are made of cells The cells are the functional units of liife All new cells come from existing cells
Cells need to reproduce for Growth: add additional cells too become bigger Repair: replace old or damaged cells
Cell cycle: the events that take place fom one cell division to the next Cycle as division keeps repeating
5 main phases go/normal G1/ first growth S/ Synthesis G2/ second growth M/mitoic
go/normal cell performing function without actively preparing to divided Go is a permanent state for some cells e.g. neural cells, muscle cells While others ree-start division once they get the signal e.g tissue stem cell
G1/ first growth cell produce new proteins, grow carries out normal task. DNA begins to duplicate
S/ Synthesis DNA molecules form exact copies of themselves → replication
G2/ second growth prepare for cell division (short phase)
M/mitoic cell divides into 2 daughter cell
Dna replication the production of an identical copy of parent dna to daughter dna It ensures that inherited information is passed on unchanged when new cells are produced This process happens in the nucleus of the clls in the 3rd phase of thee cell cycle most vital
parneet daugther Parent cell: original cell that undergoes division Daughter cell: the cells formed from division
~rreplicationn~ process helicase unzips nitro bbases serve as template dna polymerase attaches complementary nucleotides dna ligase joins phosphate/sugar
Diploid 2N two complete sets of chromosomes
Karyotype Number & visual appearance of a full set of chromosomes in an ogannsim. complete set of chromosomes. Humans: 46 chromosomes, 23 pairs
chroomatin vs crhoomatid Thee original dna strands called chromatin is now copied into 2 duplicates called chromatids which join together to form a chromosome at the ceentromere
Mitosis process of making new cells from existing cells (divide nuclei) Purpose: make new cells for growth & repair Occurs: in somatic (body) cells Outcome: 2 genetically identical daughter cells
mitosis stages Nuclear division - mitosis Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Cell division: cytokinesis: the division of the cytoplasm to form daughter cells 5th of cell cycle
S phase (bbfore mitoosis) why This produces 2 copies of each chromosome called chromatids, which are connected at the centromere to form a double-stranded chromosome Parent cell now have twice the DNA, but it still has 46 chromosomes Diploid cell
Gamete a sex cell sperm=male egg=female
Meiosis def process occurs process of cell division that produces gamete cells for sexual reproduction Purpose; produce gameetes for sexual reproduction Occurs: in specialiseed tissue in the human body called gonads: testes=male, ovaries=female
meiosis outcome aim Outcome: 4 daughter cells which are genetically differrent from each other & the original parent cell Haploid cells Aim:to producer haploid cells from diploid body cells, so they can meet another haploid cell in fertilization & becom a diploid cell
Created by: procrast
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