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Cell and Cell Theory
Cell Theory / Structures and Functions
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Cell Membrane | a phospholipid layer that covers a cell's surface and acts as a barrier between the inside of a cell and the cell's environment |
| Cell Theory | the theory that states that all living things are made up of cells, that cells are the basic units of organisms, that each cell in a multicellular organism has a specific job, and that cells come only from existing cells |
| Cell Wall | a rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane and provides support to the cell; mostly in plant cells but also found in some bacteria |
| Chloroplast | an organelle found in plant and algae cells where photosynthesis occurs (usually green) |
| Cytoplasm | the region of the cell within the membrane that includes the fluid, the cytoskeleton, and all of the organelles except the nucleus |
| Cytoskeleton | the cytoplasmic network of protein filaments that plays an essential role in cell movement, shape, and division |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) | a system of membranes that is found in a cell's cytoplasm and that assists in the production, processing, and transport of proteins and in the production of lipids |
| Eukaryote | an organism made up of cells that have a nucleus enclosed by a membrane, multiple chromosomes, and a mitotic cycle Eukaryotes include animals, plants, and fungi but not bacteria or cyanobacteria |
| Flagellum (flagella) | a long, hairlike structure that grows out of a cell and enables the cell to move (plural = flagella) Usually if a cell has a flagella, it is associated with water or a watery medium because the flagella enables it to swim. |
| Golgi Apparatus (golgi body) | cell organelle that helps make and package materials to be transported out of the cell |
| Lysosome | a cell organelle that contains digestive enzymes |
| Mitochondrion | in eukaryotic cells, the cell organelle that is surrounded by two membranes and that is the site of cellular respiration, which produces ATP (plural = mitochondria) (Hint: Think mighty mitochondria, the powerhouse.) |
| Nucleus | in a eukaryotic cell, a membrane-bound organelle that contains the cell's DNA and that has a role in processes such as growth, metabolism, and reproduction |
| Organelle | one of the small bodies found in the cytoplasm of a cell and specialized to perform a specific function |
| Prokaryote | an organism that consists of a single cell that does not have a nucleus or cell organelles (Example: bacterium) |
| Ribosome | a cell organelle composed of RNA and protein; the site of protein synthesis |
| Vacuole | A cavity or sac that stores water and may also contain nutrients, ions, and wastes |
| Endosymbiosis | A relationship where one organism lives inside the other; refers to the original internalization of prokaryotes by an ancestral eukaryotic cell, resulting in the formation of the mitochondria and chloroplasts. |
| Cell | the structural, functional, and biological units of all living beings |
| Biology | the study of life |
Created by:
hadams2020
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