Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Micro final review
micro final review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The 2 domains of life containing prokaryotes | Archaea & Bacteria |
| Microbe with cell wall containing true peptidoglycan | Bacteria |
| DNA to RNA to protein | Central dogma in molecular biology |
| Cells at the base of a biofilm are metabolically inactive giving them this advantage | Higher antimicrobial resistance |
| Type of microbes that are obligate intracellular pathogens | Viruses |
| Comma shaped bacteria | Vibrio |
| Process bacteria undergo when there is insufficient nutrients | Sporulation |
| Condition in which bacteria are actively dividing in the blood | Septicemia |
| Genus of bacteria that will not stain with Gram’s stain as positive or negative | Mycobacterium spp |
| Endotoxin released from Gram-negative bacteria | Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) |
| RNA OR DNA + protein coat | Parts of a virus |
| The presence of this is responsible for tissue tropism | Specific receptor site on host cell |
| Viral form of a retrovirus after it has integrated with host DNA | Provirus |
| Teratogenic virus that pregnant women should guard against | Rubella |
| Reason why viruses are not included in the domains of life | They are acellular - not composed of cells |
| The kind of microbe that causes ringworm | A fungus |
| Cell walls of fungi are made of this | Chitin |
| Causative organism of malaria | Plasmodium falciparum |
| Sequences of eukaryotic genes that code for proteins | Exons |
| Fungal disease that resembles tuberculosis | Histoplasmosis |
| Loss of tertiary structure of protein | Denaturation |
| Terminal electron acceptor in aerobic respiration | Oxygen |
| Purpose of fermentation | To regenerate NAD+ |
| What happens if a cell lacks oxygen and appropriate inorganic final electron acceptor | It will perform fermentation |
| What happens when a cell lacks genes to make one or more enzymes in the Krebs cycle | It cannot respire aerobically |
| Transfer of genetic material between two organisms that are not related as parent and offspring | Horizontal gene transfer |
| Uptake of naked DNA from environment | Transformation |
| Change in gene expression without changing base sequence | Epigenetic change |
| In DNA replication, the lagging strand is made from this | Okazaki fragments |
| Process by which mRNA copy is made using DNA as template | Transcription |
| Cells in which telomerase is active | Stem cells and germ cells only |
| Reason why Clostridium tetani grows well in deep tissue | It is an obligate anaerobe |
| Growth phase of bacteria when exponential growth is observed | Log phase |
| Enzyme required for bacteria to grow aerobically | Cytochrome oxidase |
| This is the process by which components of a biofilm determine the density of the population | Quorum sensing |
| Autoimmune skin disease due to excessive epidermal cell turnover | Psoriasis |
| Staining procedure that helps select antibiotic | Gram’s stain |
| Autoclaves are used to kill these things | Endospores |
| Ability of a drug to harm the target microbe without harming the host | Selective toxicity |
| Drug resistance mechanism effective against wide range of antimicrobials | Efflux pump |
| This antibiotic kills bacteria by stopping transpeptidase activity | Penicillin |
| Most common portal of entry of pathogens | The respiratory tract |
| Molecular Koch’s postulates are used to identify this characteristic in pathogens | Virulence factor genes |
| Periods of illness during which a disease can be transmissible | All of them |
| Infected person capable of transmitting disease without showing signs or symptoms | Asymptomatic carrier |
| Secondary infection that can develops when antibiotics kill much of the patient’s normal flora | Superinfection |
| Leukocyte that initiates inflammation | Mast cells |
| Exotoxin that triggers a cytokine storm | Superantigen |
| Cytokine responsible for inflammation | Histamine |
| Process of coating of a pathogen by chemical substance to increase recognition by immune cells | Opsonization |
| Leukocytes that are produced in response to parasites & helminths | Eoisinophils |
| Dendritic cells, macrophages and B cells are all these type of cells | Professional antigen presenting cells |
| Cells that produce and secrete antibodies | Plasma cells |
| This molecule is responsible for activating Helper T cells | MHC class II molecule |
| Situation in which transplanted tissue attacks the host cells | Graft vs host disease |
| The class of antibody that is always produced first in any infection | IgM |
| Rogue form of protein PrP | Prion |
| Type of mutation caused by the deletion of one nucleotide with wide ranging consequences | Frameshift mutation |
| This cell component is found in all types of cells | Cell membrane |
| Genes that will not be found on a plasmid | Housekeeping/constitutive genes - required always |
| Difference between DNA and RNA | Nucleotide Uracil (U) |
| Class of antibody found in secretions | IgA |
| Chickenpox can reemerge as this disease | Shingles |
| Causative organism of neonatal conjunctivitis | Neisseria gonorrhoeae |
| Reason why it is important to vaccinate against Rubella | High incidence of congenital infections and birth defects |
| Causative organism of scalded skin syndrome | Staphylococcus spp |
| Causative agent of the leading cause of preventable blindness (trachoma) | Chlamydia trachomatis |
| Diseases protected by DTap | Diphtheria, Whooping cough, & Tetanus |
| Causative organism of pharyngitis | Streptococcus pyogenes |
| Causative agent of “walking pneumonia” | Mycoplasma pneumoniae |
| The part of the respiratory system where alveolar macrophages defend | Lower respiratory tract |
| Ways by which SARS Cov2 is transmitted | Direct contact, droplet, & airborne transmission |
| Cause of acute glomerulonephritis | Sequelae of strep throat |
| Most common causative organism neonatal meningitis | Streptococcus agalactiae |
| Opportunistic infection in the vaginal tract | Candidiasis |
| Hard painless chancre is a symptom of this STD | Stage 1 syphilis |
| Untreatable STD | Genital herpes |
| Important cariogenic species - causes dental caries | Streptococcus mutans |
| Reason why Helicobacter pylori can survive in the acidity of the stomach | Produces the enzyme urease to neutralize acid |
| Infection characterized by “rice water” stools | Cholera |
| Treatment for most digestive system infections | Water, electrolytes, & rest |
| Bleeding gums is a symptom of this infection | Gingivitis |
| Reservoir of Toxoplasma | Cats |
| Vector of Chagas disease | Kissing bug (triatomine bug) |
| Spirochete that causes Lyme disease | Borrelia burgdorferi |
| Definitive host & intermediate host of malaria | Mosquito is definitive, humans are intermediate |
| Bacteria that uses antigenic variation to avoid immune defenses | Borrelia burgdorferi in Lyme disease |
| Reason why bacterial meningitis and encephalitis are hard to treat | Many medicines cannot cross the BBB |
| Reservoir of Naegleria fowleri | Warm freshwater ponds & streams |
| Autoimmune disease with damage to the myelin sheaths of nerve cells; possible symptoms include muscle weakness, numbness, and problems with memory | Multiple sclerosis |
| Reason for the symptoms of rabies | Disruption in neurotransmitter function |
| Toxin that blocks the release of neurotransmitter GABA that stops muscles from relaxing | Tetanus toxin |
| Only STD caused by a protozoan | Trichomoniasis |
Created by:
Diamond87
Popular Biology sets