Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
unit 7
unit 7 circulatory & lymphatic system infections
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| bacteria in the blood | bacteremia |
| bacteria reproducing in the blood | septicemia |
| viruses in the blood is | viremia |
| toxins in the blood is | toxemia |
| severe counterproductive immune response, causes more damage than infection, leads to sepsis | systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) |
| production of excess cytokines, inflammation, fever, vasodilation, edema | sepsis |
| inflammation in the inner lining of the heart can be caused by many different bacteria, can rapidly destroy heart valves | endocarditis |
| inflammation in the sac surrounding the heart can be caused by Staphylococcus & Streptococcus spp. | pericarditis |
| inflammation in the heart muscle | myocarditis |
| inflammation of the blood vessels, spots appear on skin called petechiae | vasculitis |
| reduced blood flow to tissues and organs, causing them to become necrotic; require debridement or amputation | ischemia |
| inflammation to the lymphatic vessels visible with red streaks under skin | lymphangitis |
| a single inflamed lymph node is called a | bubo |
| swollen lymph nodes is | lymphadenitis |
| Is due to a superantigen in pneumonia, osteomyelitis, sinusitis, & skin wounds, highest risk is women if tampons are left longer than recommended, sudden onset vomiting, diarrhea, shedding skin after 1-2 wks, serology & toxin detection, antibiotics used | toxic shock syndrome (TSS) |
| Toxic shock syndrome is caused by? | Staphylococcus aureus |
| 50% of patients develop bacteremia, necrotizing fasciitis, can cause acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), rapid disease with fluid accumulation in lungs, inhibits breathing, causes hypoxemia, higher mortality rate even with therapy | Streptococcal toxic shock-like syndrome |
| What bacteria causes Streptococcal toxic shock-like syndrome? | Streptococcus pyogenes |
| Known as childbed fever, nosocomial infection during puerperium time following childbirth, may originate in genital tract, breast, urinary tract, or surgical wound, localized in uterus but quickly spreads, reduced through good hygiene by caregivers | Puerperal sepsis |
| Acute or chronic(less common) inflammation of joints, secondary to bacteremia, rapid onset of moderate to severe joint pain, swelling, pathogen introduced through wound or surgical site, found in a single joint | infectious arthritis |
| Infectious arthritis can be caused by? | Staphylococcus aureus or Neisseria gonorrhoeae |
| Inflammation of bone tissues due to infection, can be acute or chronic, in adults bacteria gain access through trauma or surgery, in children is introduced from bloodstream spreading from focal infections, fever, pain, tissue damage, spread to joints | Osteomyelitis |
| Osteomyelitis can be caused by? | S. aureus, M. tuberculosis, P. aeruginosa, S. pyogenes, and Enterobacteriaceae |
| Sequelae from S. pyogenes infection, puerperal fever, leading to heart disease, in children 2-3 wks after untreated/ inadequately treated strep throat, due to cross reaction between antibodies to bacterial surface proteins & similar proteins in the body | Rheumatic fever |
| Caused by trauma, medical conditions (diabetes) causes damage to blood vessels interrupting blood flow, tissues die, anaerobic environment cause ischemia, endospores readily germinate rapidly spreading myonecrosis, foul smelling wound with gas bubbles | gas gangrene |
| Gas gangrene is caused by? | Clostridium perfringens |
| Treatment of gas gangrene consists of? | surgical debridement of necrotic tissue, maybe amputation, antibiotics, hyperbaric oxygen therapy |
| Caused by a gram- bacillus Yersinia pestis, acute febrile disease in rodents, small mammals, & humans, high mortality rate if untreated, most fatal pandemic in history, has 3 forms based on mode of transmission & initial site of infection | The Plague: The Black Death |
| Yersinia pestis transferred by a bite of an infected FLEAS, 2-6 days incubation, abrupt fever, chills, hypotension, headache, pathogen localizes in lymph nodes(purple buboes) in lymph nodes of groin first & hemorrhage, mortality 55% if untreated | Bubonic plague (most common) |
| Yersinia pestis directly introduced into blood through cut/wound, incubation 1-3 days, fever, chills, weakness, abdominal pain, shock, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), fingers & toes become black, 100% mortality if untreated | Septicemic plague |
| Infection of the lungs, droplets from infected or spread to lungs from elsewhere, incubation 1-3 days, fever, headache, weakness, rapid pneumonia, shortness of breath, chest pain, only form that spreads from person to person | Pneumonic plague |
| Transmitted by tick bite, most common vector disease in US(nationally notifiable) causes bull's eye rash, malaise, muscle stiffness in localized stage,late stage occurs years after exposure, severe arthritis,meningitis,encephalitis, treated w/antibiotics | Relapsing fever (Lyme disease) |
| Relapsing fever (Lyme disease) is caused by what bacteria? | Borrelia burgdorferi |
| Caused by contaminated meat, handling infected tissue, aerosols transmission, life threatening, highly contagious, not directly communicable between humans, BSL-3 organism and potential biological warfare agent, treated w/ antibiotics | rabbit fever (Tularemia) |
| What bacteria causes rabbit fever? | Francisella tularensis |
| What bacteria causes brucellosis (Mediterranean or Malta fever)? | Brucella spp |
| What bacteria organisms are BSL-3 and are potential biological warfare? | Francisella tularensis and Brucella spp |
| Cat- scratch fever is caused by? | Bartonella henselae |
| Rat-bite fever is caused by? | Streptobacillus moniliformis |
| Most people exposure in childhood, virus resides in B cells, remains dormant for a long time, spreads through body fluids (saliva, blood, semen) pharyngitis, fever, fatigue, swollen lymph nodes, self-limiting after a month | infectious mononucleosis (HSV 4) also Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) |
| In patient's with malaria or HIV, EBV can lead to fast growing malignant cancer, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, solid tumors of aberrant B cells, intensive chemotherapy can cure 90% infected | Burkitt lymphoma |
| Non-Epstein-Barr infectious mono in AIDS, neonates, transplant recipient's, mostly asymptomatic, if symptoms occur it's fever, swollen glands, pharyngitis, transmitted through contact with body fluids, can pass it to fetus | Cytomegalovirus (CMV) HHV-5 |
| By infected mosquitoes; hemorrhagic fevers | arboviruses |
| Common in S. America, & Africa, transmitted by mosquitoes, mild symptoms(3d), moderate jaundice, confusion(1wk), or severe seizures, coma, death, susceptible to bacterial superinfections, pneumonia, prevent with vaccine | yellow fever |
| Breakbone fever, transmitted by mosquitoes, most self-limiting, abrupt fever, headaches, rash, nose or gum bleeding, can cause dengue shock syndrome (DSS) circulatory failure, blood pressure drop, no treatment | Dengue fever |
| Caused by a virus, highly contagious, up to 90% of the infected will die, can catch it from the sick or the dead, causes fever, vomiting, coughing, bleeding, is a BSL -4 | Ebola virus |
| Direct contact with body fluids(sexual contact,sharing needles)many years before effects are detected, takes weeks or months for body to produce antibodies,virus persistently infects CD4 T cells until CD4 T cells population is devastated,leading to AIDS | Human T-lymphotropic virus |
| What are the 2 main variants of HIV? | HIV 1 worldwide and HIV 2 in West Africa |
| Acute HIV 2-4 wks after infection, flu-like illness for few weeks, very contagious during this stage, >500 cells/uL CD4 T cells | Stage 1 |
| 200-499 cell/uL CD4 T cells, clinical latency HIV still active, reproduces at low levels, patient's may not experience symptoms | Stage 2 |
| <200 CD4 T cell count=AIDS, immune system becomes sentry damaged, rare cancers (Kaposi's sarcoma) weight loss | Stage 3 |
| Infects RBCs transmitted through bite of female anopheles mosquitoes, common, lethal, causes cycles of extreme fever & chills, sudden, violent symptoms start with abrupt chills, fever, rapid paint pulse, after 2-6 hrs fever falls | Malaria |
| Malaria is caused by? | Plasmodium falciparum |
| Tertian malaria is caused by? | P. vivax and P. ovale |
| Quartan malaria is caused by? | P. malariae |
| Domestic cats are definitive host as main reservoirs, shed oocysts in feces, spread through contact, complex life cycle in multiple hosts, infection appears to be able to modify host's behavior, can cross placenta, serious infections to fetus | Toxoplasmosis |
| Toxoplasmosis is caused by? | Toxoplasma gondii |
| Transmitted through feces of the triatomine bugs(kissing bug), contaminated blood transfusions, organ transplants, congenital transmission from mother to fetus, bugs bite faces, lips, & defecate near site of bite, localized nodules (chagoma) | American Trypanosomiasis |
| Only trematodes to invade through the skin; eggs hatch in water, infect snails (intermediate host) mature, multiply & leave , enter water & penetrate skin of swimmers, eggs get lodged in tissues | Schistosomiasis (Bilharzia) |
| Schistosomiasis is caused by? | Schistosoma spp |
Created by:
Diamond87
Popular Biology sets