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JLPT N5 grammar
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| 後で(あとで) | after ~; later |
| ちゃいけない・じゃいけない | must not do (spoken Japanese) |
| だ・です | to be (am, is, are, were, used to) |
| だけ | only; just; as much as |
| だろう | I think; it seems; probably; right? |
| で | in; at; on; by; with; via |
| でも | but; however |
| でしょう | I think; it seems; probably; right? |
| どうして | why; for what reason; how |
| が | subject marker; however; but |
| があります | there is; is (non-living things) |
| がほしい | to want something |
| がいます | there is; to be; is (living things) |
| ほうがいい | had better; it'd be better to; should~ |
| 一番(いちばん) | the most; the best |
| 一緒に(いっしょに) | together |
| いつも | always; usually; habitually |
| じゃない・ではない | to not be (am not; is not; are not) |
| か | question particle |
| か~か | or |
| から | because; since; from |
| 方(かた) | the way of doing something; how to do |
| けど | but; however; although |
| けれども | but; however; although |
| まだ | still; not yet |
| まだ~ていません | have not yet |
| まで | until ~; as far as ~; to (an extent); even |
| 前に(まえに) | before ~; in front of ~ |
| ませんか | would you; do you want to; shall we~ |
| ましょう | let's ~; shall we ~ |
| ましょうか | shall I ~; used to offer help to the listener |
| も | too; also; as well |
| もう | already; anymore; again; other |
| なあ | sentence ending particle |
| ないでください | please don't do |
| なくてもいい | don't have to |
| なくちゃ | must do |
| なくてはいけない | must do |
| なくてはならない | must do |
| なる | to become |
| んです | to explain something; show emphasis |
| ね | isn't it? right? eh? |
| に | in; at; on; to |
| にいく | go to do |
| にする | to decide on |
| に/へ | to (indicates direction / destination) |
| の | possessive particle |
| のです | to explain something; show emphasis |
| のが下手(のがへた) | to be bad at doing something |
| のが上手(のがじょうず) | to be good at |
| のが好き(のがすき) | to like doing something |
| の中で[A]が一番(のなかで [A]がいちばん) | out of this group, [A] is best |
| ので | because of; given that; since |
| しかし | but; however |
| すぎる | too much |
| たことがある | to have done something before |
| たい | want to do something |
| たり~たり | do such things as A and B |
| てある | is/has been done (resulting state) |
| ている | ongoing action or current state |
| てから | after doing~ |
| てください | please do |
| てはいけない | must not; may not; cannot |
| ても | even; even if; even though |
| てもいいです | is OK to..; is alright to..; may I..? |
| と | and; with; as |
| 時 とき | when; at this time |
| つもり | plan to ~; intend to ~ |
| は | topic marker |
| は より・・・です | [A] is more ~ than [B] |
| を | object marker |
| や | and |
| よ | you know (ending particle) |
| より~ほうが | [A] is more than [B] |
| なんだか | what |
| そうに, そうな | seems like, looks like |
| ここ | here |
| まで | to/from |
| として | as,in the role of |
| ろう | conversion to question /let's |
| した | past polite form |
| 僕ら/僕たち | we |
| いつ | when |
| どこ | where |
| どう | how |
| どれ | which |
| v+たり | doing things like verb |
| そして | and |
| ~たい | want to |
| なくちゃ/なきゃ | have to/must |
| noun~など | such as, things like |