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kidneys

QuestionAnswer
kidneys principal excretory organs of the human body - a pair of reddish brown organs about 11cm long & located in the abdomen
Functions - excrete waste (mostly nitrogenous waste - urea, uric acid creatinine) - regulate water in body - maintain blood to pH of 7.4 (basic)
macroscopic structure renal cortex - outer region renal medulla - made up of renal pyramids renal pelvis - inner region
renal pyramids pyramids that secrete urine into tiny sac-like tubules apex of each pyramid called papilla *
renal pelvis a funnel shaped tube surrounded by smooth muscle that uses peristalsis to move collected urine out of kidney & into ureter&bladder white bit
microscopic structure nephron - the functional unit of the kidney where urine is formed each nephron surrounded by capillary structure each kidney contains ~1.2 million nephrons
filtrate contains (urine pre urine) water salts amino acids fatty acids glucose urea ions hormones
filtrate doesnt contain red & white blood cells, plasma proteins, proteins too large to pass semipermeable membrane
filtrate 3 main processes glomerular filtration selective reabsorption tubular secretion
glomerular filtration - takes place in renal corpuscle - fluid (&crap) is forced out of the blood, collected by glomerular capsule - afferent arteriole is bigger than efferent arteriole - thin cell wall
selective reabsorption - reabsorption of valuable components - carried out by renal tube (large SA) - ions, water, glucose, amino acids
tubular secretion - stuff goes back into filtrate (from blood) - ions, creatinine, drugs - maintain blood & urine pH active or passive
Created by: procrast
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