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Science Praxis pt 1

Earth Science

TermDefinition
Compositional Layers Crust - Mantle - Core
Mechanical Layers Lithosphere - Asthenosphere - Mesosphere - Outer Core - Inner Core
Crust The outermost solid layer of Earth
Mantle Not liquid, it is ductile or plastic, which means that some parts can flow under certain conditions and changes in pressure.. Composed of mainly aluminum and silicates.
Core The innermost layers of Earth. Earth has an outer core (liquid) and and inner core (solid). The core is mainly composed of nickel and iron.
Lithosphere The outermost and most rigid mechanical layer of Earth. The lithosphere includes the crust and the top of the mantle.
Mesosphere (Earth Layer) beneath the asthenosphere. (3rd layer) it encompasses the lower mantle, where material still flows but at a much slower rate that in the asthenosphere. (Stiff Plastic)
Asthenosphere beneath the Lithosphere (2nd layer) (soft plastic
Earth made of different spheres above the crust Lithosphere, Hydrosphere, Biosphere, Cryosphere, Atmosphere
Hydrosphere All the water on Earth in liquid form. For example Lakes, rivers, and oceans
Biosphere The global sum of all ecosystems and living organisms
Cryospshere The masses of frozen water. For example, frozen lakes, frozen rivers, frozen oceans, and glaciers.
Atmosphere The layer of gasses that surround our planet.
Layers in the atmosphere Troposphere , Stratosphere, Mesosphere, Thermosphere, Exosphere
Nitrogen and Oxygen Gasses that make up most of the Earths gasses (78% - 21% respectively)
Troposphere 0-12 km above Earth - Most weather occurs here
Stratosphere 12-50 km above Earth - Contains Ozone Layer
Mesosphere (Above Earth) 50-80 km above Earth
Thermosphere 80-700 km above Earth
Exosphere 700-1000 km above Earth
Geologic Formations made from rock on the lithosphere - Mountains (tectonic plates smash together), Volcanoes (magma from upper mantle erupts to surface), and Canyons (weather and erosion push away via tectonic plates)
Seismic Waves An elastic wave caused by an earthquake - Three types are Primary (P waves), Secondary (S waves), and Surface
Primary Waves (P Waves) The fastest waves and can travel through solid, liquids, and gas
Secondary ( S Waves) Travel the Earths interior at half the speed of Primary Waves. They can travel through rock but NOT through liquid or gasses.
Surface Waves The slowest of the the three waves and only move along the surface and NOT through the interior
Tsunamis Created by earthquakes or volcanic eruptions under the sea
Tsunami Wave Height - Travel inland Waves get higher and higher as depth decreases
Tsunami Wave Height - Travel out in the deep ocean Waves do not dramatically increase in height
Tsunami Speed - Deep Waters May travel as fast as a jet airplane
Tsunami Speen - Shallow Waters Travel speed slows down
Plate Tectonics (Description) Earth's outer shell is divided into several sections that glide over the mantel or the rocky inner layer above the core. Sections move and separate, causing Earth to separate and change
Plate Tectonics (Types) Divergent, Convergent, and Subduction
Divergent Pulling apart
Convergent Coming together
Subduction sideways and downward movement of the edge of a plate into the mantle beneath another plate
Ring of Fire Volcanoes around the outer edge of the Pacific Ocean. - a result of subduction of oceanic plates beneath lighter continental plates. - most earth quakes and volcanoes are here
Soil mixture of minerals, organic matter, gasses, liquids, and many organisms that together support life on Earth
Created by: AnastasiaSteiner
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