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Practical 1
Part 2 of practical 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What do each temperature range consist of? | Minimum growth rate, optimal growth rate, maximum growth rate. |
| Cold loving | psychrophiles |
| psychrophile range? | -5 to 18 |
| mesophile range | 15-45 |
| Thermophile range | 40-80 |
| are able to grow below 10 but also in mesophilic range are called | Psychrotroph |
| Can grow above 80 C | Hyperthermophiles |
| types of metabolism | aerobic cellular respiration, anaerobic cellular respiration, fermentation |
| what uses O2 as a final e- acceptor in electron transport chain, | aerobic cellular respiration |
| what involves glycolysis, kebbs, and oxidative phosphorylation | aerobic cellular respiration |
| anaerobic cellular respiation includes which processes | glycolysis, citric acid cycle, electron transport chain, uses molecule other than O2 as final e- acceptor |
| produces acid and sometimes gas products, anaerobic | Fermentation in glycolysis |
| What effect does O2 have | forms free radicals that may harm bacteria |
| What enzymes do bacteria have | superoxide dismutase, and catalase |
| What prevents obligate anaerobes from growing in O2 environments | enzymes that reduce O2 free radicals |
| Obligate Aerobe | Aerobic respiration, uses O2, has protection against toxic O2 |
| Obligate Anaerobe | anaerobic respiration, does not use O2, does not protect against toxic O2 |
| Facultative | all three types of metabolism, uses O2 ~ 20%, does have protection against toxic O2 |
| Aerotolerant | fermentation, does not use O2, has protection against toxic O2 |
| Microaerophile | aerobic respiration, does use oxygen ~2-10%, has some protection against toxic O2 |
| What experiment did we used to test oxygen requirement classes | BHI brain heart infusion agar |
| how well does bacteria grow in aerotolerant vials | equal gradient throughout |
| How well does bacteria grow in facultative vials | higher concentration at top to low concentration on bottom |
| How were BHI tubes inoculated | transferring two drops of bacteria into vials and mixing before being placed in ice and then incubated |
| What does the gas pack chamber include | a pouch that absorbs O2 to create anaerobic condition |
| Growth in aerobic and no growth in anaerobic | O2 class would be obligate aerobe Metabolism used would be aerobic respiration |
| No growth in aerobic and growth in anaerobic | O2 class would be obligate anaerobe Metabolism used would be anaerobic respiration and/or fermentation |
| Growth in aerobic and smaller amount of growth in anaerobic | O2 class would be facultative anaerobe Metabolism used would be aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration and/or fermentation |
| Equal amount of growth in aerobic and anaerobic | O2 class would be aerotolerant Metabolism used would be fermentation |
| Examples of selective media | Mannitol salt agar, MacConkey, Columbia-Colistin and Nalidixic acid agar, Eosin and Methylene blue agar |
| Examples of differential media | Mannitol Salt, MacConkey, Eosin and Methylene Blue Agar, Columbia- Colistin and Nalidixic acid, Blood agar |
| Enriched media | Colombia-Colistin and Nalidixic acid, and Blood agar |
| What is added to media to detect changes in acidity? and what type of component are they considered? | pH indicators are added and they are a differential component |
| Carbohydrate metabolism results in? | decrease in pH or increase in acidity |
| protein/amino acid metabolism results in | increase in pH or increase in basic |
| Phenol red | acidic: yellow neutral: red basic: hot pink or purple |
| Neutral red | acidic: pink neutral: maroon red no basic indicator |
| eosin and methylene blue | acidic: really strong: metallic green strong: pink neutral: maroon basic: none |
| What type of media is Mannitol Salt agar | Selective for halotolerant and differential for pH |
| What is the selective component of MSA | 7.5% NaCl |
| What is the differential component of MSA | Mannitol and phenol red |
| What are all the components of MSA | H2O, Mannitol, 7.5% NaCl, Agar, Phenol red, nutrients |
| what enzyme do halotolerant bacteria possess that helps it ferment mannitol acid? | mannitol dehydrogenase |
| What type of media is Blood Agar | Enriched and Differential |
| What is the differential component of BA | Sheep's blood |
| What is the enriched component of BA | Sheep's blood |
| What does the differential component of BA detect | hemolytic patterns that are secreted by bacteria |
| What rbc destroying molecule is secreted by bacteria | Hemolysins |
| What are all the components in BA | Sheep's blood, Agar, H2O, nutrients |
| Hemolysins that completely breakdown bacteria? what color is seen? | beta hemolysis no color or clear |
| hemolysins that partially breakdown blood? what color doe they produce | alpha hemolysis produce green or brownish color |
| no hemolysins are produced therefore no hemolysis takes place, what color change? | gamma hemolysis, no color change |
| What media is MacConkey agar | selective and differential |
| What is MacConkey selective for? what are the components | gram negative bacteria, crystal violet and bile salt |
| What is MacConkey differential for? what is the component | lactose metabolizer, lactose and pH neutral red |
| What are all the components in a MAC | H2O, Agar, nutrients, crystal violet, bile salt, lactose, neutral red |
| What enzyme is produced by selected bacteria and what does it do? | gram negative produce beta galactosidase that can ferment lactose lowering pH to red or pink |
| What type of media is eosin and methylene blue | selective and differential |
| What is the selective component of EMB | eosin and methylene blue, selective for gram negative bacteria |
| What is the differential component of EMB | lactose and two dyes, metallic green and pink for lactose metabolism |
| What are all the components in EMB | H2O, Agar, methylene blue, bile salts, two dyes, lactose |
| how is lactose fermented | beta galactosidase |
| What Type of media is CNA | Enriched, differential, and selective |
| what is selective in CNA | colistin and nalidixic acid, selective for gram positive |
| what is differential component CNA | sheep blood, hemolytic patterns |
| enriched component of cna | sheep blood |
| all the components in CNA | H2O, agar, colistin, nalidixic acid, sheep blood, nutrients |
| antimicrobial agents | substances that either kill or inhibit growth of microorganism |
| what are the three types of antimicrobial agents | pbysical, chemical, chemotherapeutic agent |
| disk diffusion method | effectiveness of test, swabbed on a Mueller- Hinton plate t |
| bacterial “lawn” | a thin, uniformed film of growth |
| inhibit the growth ,The diameter u sed to determine susceptibility levels for the lawed bacteria mm | zone of inhibition |
| broad spectrum | effective against wide range of microorganisms |
| narrow spectrum | effective against one or a few types of microorganisms |
| e-test method | test effectiveness then swabbed on a Mueller- Hinton plate |
| MIC | (minimum inhibitory concentration or |
| Additive Effect | effect of the two antibiotics is no greater than the sum of both antibiotics |
| Synergistic Effect | effect of the two antibiotics is greater than the sum of both antibiotics |
Created by:
Acrob89
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