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Blood transfusion
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Blood transfusion | transfer of blood or components of blood from a donor into a patients blood |
| why blood transfusion | Excessive blood loss Some types of anaemia (low hemoglobin) Conditions that affect the blood (haemophillia - can't clot) |
| types * | Whole blood transfusion Red cell transfusion Platelet transfusion Plasma transfusion Cryoprecipitate Autologus transfusion |
| Rhesus (Rh) blood group system | Method of classifying blood types due to a protein / antigen / found on surface of red blood cells (antigen D) |
| • ABO blood group system | A method of classifying blood types according to the A or B antigens on the surface on red blood cells |
| Antigen | a substance capable of causing the formation of antibodies when introduced into tissues The immune system recognises antigens that are found on its own cells but will produce antibodies for any antigens that are not normally found in the body |
| Antibody | a substance produced by a type of specialised white blood cells in response to a specific antigen (lock&key) Circulate in blood plasma Only attack foreign antigens - only produce antibodies for foreign antigen, antigens not produced by body |
| Immune response | : foreign antibodies combine with complementary shaped antigens to neutralise /destroy antigens by clumping them together in a process known as aggulation |
| aggulation | the clumping together of micro-organisms or red blood cells Foreign red blood cells that are clumped together are then removed from the blood by circulating white blood cells - phagocytosis |
| Blood typing | knowing/testing the blood type of the blood transfusion recipient Avoids complication of transfused blood causing/triggering immune response |
| Universal donor | blood type that can be donated to any recipient → O- |
| Universal recipient | individuals who can receive blood from any type of donor blood → AB+ |
| • An individual with blood type B will have antigen A antibodies circulating in plasma | • If person is mistakenly given blood type A will cause immune response called coagulation as cells have antigen A • Anti A antibodies bind with A antigens forming antibody-antigen complexes. Clump the foreign blood together |
| Coagulation | the process of blood becoming gel-like; clotting – formation of blood clot (bleeding) |
| Agglutination | the clumping together of micro-organisms or blood cells (incorrect blood type, maybe sick) |
Created by:
procrast
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