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metabolism & enzymes
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Metabolism | The sum total of all chemical reactions that occur in the cell. |
| Anabolic | anabolism/ synthesis Process of small molecules combining to form larger molecules Protein synthesis |
| Catabolic | catabolism/ decomposition Process of larger molecules being broken down into smaller molecules Cellular respiration |
| Inorganic | relatively small, non-carbon based Water, O2, ions |
| Organic | relatively larger, carbon based sugar/ glucose, proteins, fats/lipids, carbs, nucleic acid |
| Certain conditions must be met for chemical reactions to occur | Reactants must collide with sufficient energy Activation energy Reactants must collide with correct orientation Allows chemical bonds of reactants to break, atoms rearrange themselves and form new bonds |
| Catalyst | a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction but not used in the reaction itself This is done by lowering the activation energy required by providing a short cut |
| Enzyme | an organic substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being altered. Enzymes chemically, are proteins that are specific and remain unchanged at the end of a reaction. |
| why catalyst | Many factors can speed up a chemical reaction (e.g. temperature) but due to being in a human body (37C) the body must speed up reactions in another way - catalyst |
| Denature | to change the molecular structure of a protein by heating, a change in pH, adding detergent or shaking |
| Factors affecting enzymes | Temperature pH Substrate concentration Enzyme concentration Removal of products Enzyme inhibitors Cofactors & coenzymes |
| Temperature | Increased temp = increase in kinetic energy After certain temperatures, it starts to break down bonds holding enzymes together - denatured optimal temperature is 30 - 40C |
| pH | Each enzyme has an optimal pH After certain pH enzymes are damaged - denature |
| Substrate concentration | More substrate molecules come into contact with enzyme molecules Only effective to certain amount because enzyme molecules will be fully occupied |
| Enzyme concentration | Higher concentration of enzyme = faster reaction rate because there are more enzyme molecules to influence reaction rate |
| Removal of products | Constant removal otherwise harder for substrate molecules to make contact with enzyme molecules |
| Enzyme inhibitors | Slow or even stop enzyme activity |
| Cofactors & coenzymes | Cofactors change shape of active site |
Created by:
procrast
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