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The Vascular System

QuestionAnswer
Produced by endothelium of vessels to facilitated vasodilatation Nitric Oxide (NO)
A connection, or joining, of vessels, that is, artery to artery or vein to vein Anastomosis
Tissues that do not have capillaries Epidermis, cartilage, and the lens and cornea of the eye
Not regulated by nervous control, but rather by needs of tissue Precapillary Sphincters
Larger and more permeable than capillaries Sinusoids
Found in the red bone marrow and spleen Sinusoids
Organs where sinusoids are found Liver & Pituitary Glad
Contributes to colloid osmotic pressure Albumin
What happens to the excess tissue fluid? It enters the lymph capillaries where it is now known as lymph. It will be returned to the blood to be recycled again as plasma, thus maintaining blood volume.
Three branches of the aortic arch Brachiocephalic artery, left common carotid artery, and left subclavian artery.
Circle of Willis is formed by which arteries? Right and left internal carotid arteries and the basilar artery, which is the union of the right and left vertebral arteries.
Subdivision of systemic circulation in which blood from the abdominal digestive organs and spleen circulates through the liver before returning to the heart Hepatic Portal Circulation
Capillaries that form the hepatic portal vein Stomach, sm intestine, colon, pancreas, and spleen
Enables the liver to modify blood from the digestive organs and spleen Hepatic portal circulation
Site of exchange between mother and fetus Placenta
Opening in the interatrial septum that permits some blood to flow from the right atrium to the left atrium Foramen Ovale
Short vessel that diverts most of the blood in the pulmonary artery to the aorta, to the body Ductus Arteriosus
Velocity of blood 30cm/sec. (About 12 inches)
Circulation time 1 minute
Pulmonary arterial pressure 20/8 to 25/10
Reason for extremely low arterial pressure in the lungs To prevent tissue fluid from accumulating in the alveoli of the lungs
Starling’s Law If venous return decreases, the cardiac muscle fibers will not be stretched, the force of ventricular systole will decrease
3 mechanisms that help maintain venous return Constriction of veins, the skeletal muscle pump, and the respiratory pump
Normal artery elasticity’s effect on systole and diastole Lowers systolic pressure, raises diastolic pressure, and maintains a normal pulse pressure (the difference between systole and diastole)
Norepinephrine & Epinephrine effects on BP Both act as a vasoconstrictor, which in turn raises BP
ADH’s effect on BP Increases reabsorption of water by the kidneys to prevent further loss of water in urine and a further decrease in blood pressure (Raises BP)
Aldosteron’s effect on BP Stimulates the reabsorption of sodium ions by the kidneys, which maintains blood volume to prevent further drop in BP (Raises BP)
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) effect on BP Increases the excretion of sodium ions which decreases blood volume and lowers blood pressure.
Dilate in active tissues and constrict in less active tissues Precapillary sphincters
Enzyme secreted by the kidneys in response to decreased blood pressure Renin
Release of renin results in the formation of what Angiotension II
Function of Angiotension II Acts as a vasoconstrictor and stimulates the secretion of aldosterone by the adrenal cortex (Increase BP)
Renin splits what plasma protein produced by the liver Angiotensinogen
Secretes converting enzyme Lungs & vascular endothelium
Location of pressoreceptors Carotid sinuses and the aortic sinus found in the medulla
Created by: jlittle7763
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