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HS-LS1-1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| cell | the basic unit of life and living things |
| nucleus | an organelle that holds DNA in eukaryotic organisms |
| nucleotide | building blocks of amino acids, includes a sugar, phosphate, and base |
| RNA | single stranded molecule with shorter chains of nucleotides |
| deoxyribose | a five-carbon sugar molecule, shaped like a pentagon |
| thymine | a building block base in DNA, abbreviated with T and pairs with adenine (A) |
| cytosine | a building block base in DNA, abbreviated with C and pairs with guanine (G) |
| uracil | a building block base in RNA, abbreviated with U and pairs with adenine (A) |
| guanine | a building block base in DNA, abbreviated with G and pairs with cytosine (C) |
| adenine | a building block base, abbreviated with A and pairs with T in DNA and U in RNA |
| double helix | the physical structure of DNA, a twisted ladder formed by two linked chains |
| transcription | the process by which a cell makes an RNA copy of a piece of DNA |
| function | the role an object or material plays in a system |
| structure | the form an object or material has |
| nucleated cell | a cell with a nucleus, found in eukaryotic organisms |
| DNA | a molecule that contains the biological instructions that make each species unique |
| protein | Proteins are large, complex molecules that play many critical roles in living things |
| molecule | fundamental building blocks of cells in living organisms |
| gene | a portion of DNA that codes for a particular trait |
| chromosome | a package of coiled-up DNA, found in the nucleus |
| enzyme | a special type of protein that speeds up chemical reactions in a cell |
| amino acid | molecules that combine to form proteins |
| translation | the process by which RNA is used to produce proteins |
| replication | the process of DNA copying itself |