Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Biology ch. 36
culligan bio 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is a neuron and what is it made of? | they conduct impulses throughout the nervous system. they are a long cell consisting of: a cell body, dendrites, and an axon. |
| What are dendrites? what is an axon? | dendrites: branchlike extensions of the neuron that receive impulses and carry them toward the cell body. axon: an extension of the neuron that carries impulses away from the cell body and toward other neurons, muscles, or glands. |
| What are the different senses? (hint- there are 8) | 1. smell, 2. taste, 3. sight, 4. sound, 5. touch, 6. balance, 7. direction, 8. time |
| how does your sense of taste work? | taste buds on your tongue sense chemicals dissolved in saliva. |
| what basic sensations are tastes divided by? | sweet, salty, bitter, sour, and umami |
| how does your sense of smell work? | chemicals land on hair like nerve endings in the nose. |
| what two senses are very closely linked? | smell and taste. one depends on the other. |
| how does your sense of sight work? | the retina contains sensory neurons called rods and cones that sense light |
| what are rods for? | black and white vision, help in dim light |
| what are cones for? | color and sharp vision |
| what is a drug? | a chemical capable of reacting with body functions |
| what is a receptor site? | where a drug attaches to the surface of a molecule or cell |
| how are drugs used for medicinal use? | pain relief, treatment of circulatory problems, treatment of nervous disorders, other uses (vaccines, etc.) |
| How do drugs relieve pain? what types are there to relieve pain? | affect pain receptors. there are analgesics (no loss of consciousness) and narcotics (cause sleep) |
| how do drugs treat circulatory problems? | treated with cardiovascular drugs and blood thinners |
| how do drugs treat nervous disorders? | there are stimulants (increase activity in the nervous system, people with depression and ADD/ADHD use these) and depressants (lower activity in the nervous system, for anxiety and OCD) |
| what other medicinal uses of drugs are there? | vaccines, antibiotics, decongestants, antiviral, and antihistamine |
| what is addiction? | psychological and physical dependence on a drug |
| what is tolerance? | needing larger and/or more frequent doses to get the drugs effect |
| what is withdrawal? | when a drug is quit, becoming ill physically and mentally |
| what are the classes of abused drugs? | stimulants, depressants, narcotics, and hallucinogens |
| what are some examples of stimulants? | cocaine, amphetamines, caffeine, and nicotine. |
| what is cocaine and what class of abused drugs is it in? | stimulant. it causes a rush of intense pleasure om a reward center of the brain. does not last and then causes hyperactivity followed by depression. initially slows down the heart then overspeeds it. |
| what does cocaine eventually do, and what happens to crack babies? | causes immune system problems, heart abnormalities, maybe death. crack babies go through withdrawal, shake constantly, and have permanent brain damage |
| what are amphetamines and what do they do? | stimulant. causes racing heart, chest pain, paranoia, hallucinations, convulsions or coma. |
| what is caffeine and what does it do? | stimulant. causes alertness, mood elevation, increased heart rate, urine production, it is addictive |
| what is nicotine and what does it do? | stimulant. can increase heart rate, blood pressure, breathing rate, and stomach acid secretion. it is very addictive, and it is one of about 3000 chemicals found in cigarettes |
| what are some examples of depressants? | alcohol and barbiturates |
| what does alcohol cause and what kind of drug is it? | depressant. acts on brain by blocking other receptors, disorientation, low coordination, poor judgement, addiction can occur. in heavy amounts it will damage nerve and brain cells, and harden liver cells. |
| what are barbiturates? | depressant. its an anti-anxiety drug. an abuser is sluggish, has difficulty thinking and paying attention, tolerance, and addiction occurs. respiratory and circulatory systems depressed. |
| what are examples of narcotics? | opiates |
| what are opiates? | narcotic. act directly on the brain, slows breathing, lowers hart rate, highly addictive, painful withdrawal. |
| what is the most common form of opiates? | heroin. highly addictive (narcotic) |
| what are the different kinds of hallucinogens? | natural and synthetic |
| what are natural hallucinogens? | found in many plants, fungus, and animal secretions |
| what are synthetic hallucinogens? | man-made. |
| what kind of drug is LSD? | hallucinogen, synthetic |
| what do hallucinogens cause? | altered perceptions, increased heart rate, blood pressure, temperature, and breathing. also salivation, nausea, vomiting, and in high doses- convulsions |
| what are the senses that detect mechanical stimulation? | sound, balance, and touch |
| how do you sense sound? | vibrations trigger hairs in the cochlea. there are hairs attached to neurons that interpret vibrations as sound. |
| what does the cochlea look like? | a snail |
| what is the path of sound through the ear? | ear canal -> ear drum -> ear bones -> cochlea |
| how does your sense of balance work? | the semicircular canals in your ear are filled with fluid, crystals, and hairs. when you tilt your head the fluid, crystals and hairs move, triggering nerves and your equilibrium. |
| how does your sense of touch work? | skin has nerve receptors in it that respond to temperature, touch, pressure and pain. these different receptors are scattered throughout the body, but can be concentrated in places |
| what is a neuron? | conduct impulses throughout the nervous system. |
| why is the cell body important? | it contains the nucleus |
| what are dendrites? | branchlike extensions of the neuron that receive impulses and carry them toward the cell body.(in the pic there the spiky looking things!) |
| what is the axon? | extension of the neuron that carries impulses away from the cell body and toward other neurons, muscles or glands. its the long tail. |
| what is the myelin sheath? | it is not always there. it is NOT IN BRAIN. its white and bubbly and it forces impulse to go through the bubbles quicker. |
| people who have multiple scorosis... | have a degrading myelin sheath |
| what do axon endings do? | make neurotransmitters, released and received by the dendrites of the next nerve, keeping the impulse going. |
| what is the synapse? | space between axon of one cell and the dendrite of another. occasionally no neurotransmitter (electric current) is needed |
| what are the three different neurons? | sensory neurons, interneurons, and motor neurons |
| what are sensory neurons? | send impulses from body to brain and spinal cord |
| what are interneurons? | found within the brain and spinal cord. receive from sensory neurons and process them, and, if necessary send them out again |
| what are motor neurons? | return impulses back to the body from brain and spinal cord |
| what makes up the central nervous system? | the brain and spinal cord |
| what does the CNS do? | coordinates the bodys activities |
| how is the brain divided? | cerebrum, cerebellum, and brain stem |
| what does the cerebrum do? | its the largest part and its divided into two hemispheres. it controls conscious activities like intelligence, memory, language, skeletal muscle movement and senses. |
| what is the outer surface of the cerebrum? | the cerebral cortex. it is made up of grey matter (b/c of no myelin sheath)and because of its folds, it allows for more surface area |
| what is the cerebellum? | back of brain, controls balance, posture and coordination. if injured your movements will be jerky |
| what is the brain stem made up of? | the medulla oblongata, the pons, and the midbrain |
| what does the medulla oblongata do? | controls involuntary stuff like breathing and heart rate |
| what do the pons and midbrain do? | they act as pathways connecting various parts of the brain to each other, and they are gatekeepers |
| what does the peripheral nervous system do? | carries impulses between the body and the CNS |
| how is th PNS divided? | somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system |
| what does the somatic nervous system do? | it is voluntary, it relays info to and from skin and skeletal muscles |
| what does the autonomic nervous system do? | it is involuntary, relays info to and from internal organs |
| how is the autonomic nervous system divided? | sympathetic and parasympathetic |
| what does the sympathetic nervous system do? | controls body functions in times of stress |
| what does the parasympathetic nervous system do? | controls body functions while body is at rest |
Created by:
veprocell
Popular Biology sets