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SCIENCE EXAM
ESS CHEM BIO
| What do Aboriginal people look for in the night sky. | Dark Patches between the star E.G Emu in the Sky in Milky wave |
| Constellations | Group of stars in a recognisable pattern when viewed from Earth |
| Two ways the Emu in the Sky guides the actions of the aboriginals. | April-May, Running, Breeding Seasons, Emu lays eggs Jun-Jul, Sitting, Don't collect eggs, Prepare for Summer ceremonies |
| What is the difference between a star, planet, moon and asteroids | Star is a giant ball of glowing gases (hydrogen + helium) pulled together by Gravity and undergoes nuclear fusion to emit energy as light. Nebulae (clouds of dust and gas). Remaining material condenses and is affected form planets, moons and asteroids. |
| What role does gravity play in the structure of the universe. | Holds galaxies together. Spiral Galaxy is ours. irregular, elliptical |
| Stars appear to move. | Stellar Parallax Error. The apparent shift of nearby objects compared to distant objects. helps calculate the distances of stars from Earth using observation points on either side of the Earth. |
| Brightness of a Star | Apparent Magnitude. How bright an object appears to be from Earth. Sun has a higher apparent magnitude than other stars. Absolute Magnitude. How bright an object actually is. Measure the distance from Earth. Sun is not as bright as other stars. |
| Colours of Stars | Blue star is hottest, brightest and largest Red star is cooler, dimmer and smaller. Determined by stars surface temperature. |
| Light Years | Used to measure distance in the universe. The distance light travels in a year. Light travels at 300 000km/s 1 Light Year is 9 500 000 000 000km. |
| Galaxy | a group of stars held together by gravity. |
| Astronomy | used to tell stories, seasons, directions |
| Why do stars turn into giant/supergiants as they get older. | With age, the hydrogen and helium in stars fuse with other elements (lighter or heavier depending on mass), releasing more energy making them brighter but lose energy faster. This makes them expand. |
| What is the difference between a white dwarf and neutron star? | White Dwarf: Core of a star after the layers (planetary nebulae) drift off. Ran out of fuel (no fusing) and is small + dense. Neutron Star. Extremely dense, once atom is heavier than Earth. Aftermath of a Supernova. |
| What has to happen for a Blackhole to form? | If the neutron star is too big it will continue to collapse onto itself into an infinitely small point, creating a gravity field so great nothing can escape it. |
| Sequence of stages of a Star | Nebulae (clouds of dust and gas) Forms a Protostar under the force of Gravity, nuclear fusion commences in the core with H Main Sequence Star When H in consumed, star will burn He to form C, N, O and grow in size, release energy and cool slightly. |
| Sequence of stages of a Low Mass Star | Burns He Grows into Red Giant When old, (fuel depleted) outer layer drifts away as Planetary Nebulae and leave behind a core that is a White Dwarf. May become a Black Dwarf. but is only theorised. |
| Sequence of stages of a High Mass Star | Burns He (and heavier elements) grows in Red supergiant When old, (fuel depleted) will undergo a Supernova explosion (shockwave). Leave behind an extremely dense core: Neutron Star If Neutron Star is large, a blackhole will commence, |
| Big Bang Theory led to the structure of the observable Universe. The Big Bang. | |
| Big Bang Theory led to the structure of the observable Universe. Stars creation. (also search up photons) | |
| Big Bang Theory led to the structure of the observable Universe. The Doppler Effect. | |
| Big Bang Theory led to the structure of the observable Universe. Red Shift. | |
| Big Bang Theory led to the structure of the observable Universe. Cosmic Microwave Background. | |
| Geological Carbon Cycles | |
| Biological Carbon Cycles | |
| Carbon Sinks | |
| The 4 spheres. | |
| Carbon Cycle | |
| Compare Speed of Bio and Hydro | |
| Two consequences of rising atmospheric CO2 | |
| Scientist thoughts. | |
| Natural greenhouse effect | |
| Enhanced Greenhouse effect | |
| EVOLUTIONARY THEORY AND THE DIFFERENT PEOPLE AND SUCH | |
| CHARLES DARWIN | |
| ALFRED WALLACE |