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Nervous System

TermDefinition
Neurons A nerve cell
Receptor A cell that can detect a stimulus
Stimulus A change in the neurons environment that if strong enough will generate an impulse
Sensory Neurons Carry electrical signals from receptors or sense organs to the CNS
Motor Neurons Carry impulses from the CNS to effector tissues (muscles)
Interneuron Transfer impulses between sensory and motor neurons
Myelin Sheath Protects axon, electrically insulates the axon
Axon Fast, direct conduction of nerve impulse to target cell
Nodes of Ranvier Increases speed of impulse by jumping the gaps in the axon
Terminal Dendrites Increases contact with target cell
Synaptic Knobs Transmits impulses to the target cell suing neurotransmitters
Nerve Impulse Threshold The minimum intensity of stimulus needed to generate an impulse
"All or northing" Law An impulse is only generated if the stimulus is at or above the threshold
The Refractory Period The slight delay that occurs after a neuron has carried an impulse, during which the neuron does not respond to a stimulus
Synapse A specialised junction at which a neuron comes close enough to a target cell to allow it to pass a signal to that target cell
Synaptic Cleft Tiny gap between a neuron and its target cell at a synapse
Reflex Action A very fast automatic involuntary response to an unexpected stimulus
Cerebrum Voluntary muscle control - memory, behaviour, emotions, language
Cerebelium Movement, Posture, co-ordination
Pituitary gland Hormones
Medulla oblongata Regulates breathing rate and heart rate
Hypothalamus Osmoregulation, temperature regulation
Meninges 3 membranes protecting the CNS
Fluid Protection
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