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DNA Profiling

Genetic Fingerprinting

TermDefinition
DNA Profiling The process of making a unique pattern of bands from the DNA of a person, which can be distinguished from the pattern of another person's DNA
Steps of DNA Profiling 1. DNA Extraction 2. Cutting of DNA 3. Separation of DNA Fragments 4. Use of a DNA Probe
DNA Extraction - Suitable tissue samples are processed - Cells are disrupted so that DNA is released - DNA is separated from the cell debris
Cutting of the DNA - Restriction enzyme is used to cut the DNA into a collection of different sized fragments - Where these sequences occur varies from person to person
Separation of DNA Fragments - Collection of DNA Fragments is placed into one end of a slab of gel - Electric current is applied across the gel - Fragments are separated according to size
Using a DNA Probe - A specifically designed short piece of radioactive or fluorescent DNA - Will only bind some of the separated fragments in the gel - Fragments that the probe binds to become highlighted - A barcode-like pattern of highlighted fragments is formed
Uses of DNA Profilling - Crime scene investigation - Paternity Disputes - Genetic Screening - testing DNA for the presence or absence of a particular gene
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