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Genetics

TermDefinition
The Law of Segregation Each characteristic is controlled by a pair of factors which separate at gamete formation such that a gamete receives only one pair of each
Gene A section of DNA that encodes a specific characteristic
An Allele An alternative form of a gene
Homozygous The alleles in a pair are the same
Heterozygous The alleles in a pair are different
Dominant Allele An allele that masks its recessive partner, it is always expressed
Recessive Allele An allele is one whose expression is masked by the dominant allele
Locus of a Gene A position of a gene on a chromosome
Genotype The genetic makeup, the presence of particular alleles
Phenotype The physical makeup, the expression of the genotype of the organism
Monohybrid Cross A cross which studies the inheritance of one traits
Dihybrid Cross A cross which studies the inheritance of two different traits
The Law of Independent Assortment During gamete formation, either one of a pair of alleles is equally likely to combine with either one of another pair of alleles.
Linkage Genes are linked if they are on the same chromosome and we inherited together
Incomplete Dominance The heterozygous genotype produces a phenotype that is intermediate between those produced by the homozygous genotypes
Sex Linkage A characteristic is sex-linked when it is controlled by a gene that is carried on a sex chromosome
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