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Enzymes + Metabolism

Enzymes and Metabolism

TermDefinition
Metabolism The sum of all the chemical reactions in a cell or organism
Enzymes Enzymes are biological catalysts
Catalysts Chemicals that speed up chemical reactions without being used up in the reaction
Properties of Enzymes - Usually highly specific - One enzyme for one reaction - Rate of enzyme action is affected by temperature and pH - Denatured by high temperature and extremes of pH
Substance The substance with which an enzyme reacts
Product The substance formed at the end of the reaction
Types of substrates and products - Starch + Amylase = Maltose - Maltose + Maltase = Glucose - Hydrogen Peroxide + Catalase = Oxygen and water
The induced fit model of enzyme action - Substrate entering active site of enzyme - Enzyme substrate complex - Enzyme products complex - Products leave active site of enzyme
Active Site The part of the enzyme that binds the substrate and catalyses' the reaction to form the product
Native Enzyme An enzyme that functions normally
Denatured Enzyme An enzyme that has lost its shape and cannot function
Inhibitors Chemicals which negatively affect enzyme activity
Immobilised Enzymes Enzymes that are trapped in a soft permeable gel or attached to an inactive support.
Bioprocessing The use of living cells, their components or enzymes to make products of commercial or scientific value or destroy harmful waste
Advantages of Immobilised enzymes - Can be reused - Continuous production of product is possible - Immobilised enzymes are more stable, they last longer.
Bioreactors Large stainless steal vessel in which enzymes or cells can be used to make a product.
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