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Cell Structure
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Light Microscope | - Magnifies x1500 - Only some cell organelles visible - Cytoplasm, Nucleus, Cell wall, Chloroplasts and Vacuoles |
| Electron Microscope | - A beam of electrons shone through the specimen and an image is collected - Magnifies x1000000 - Allows every organelle to be visible |
| Eye Piece | Magnifies the image; also focuses somewhat |
| Course Focus Knob | For rough focusing; sharpening of the image |
| Fine Focus Knob | For more precise sharpening of the image |
| Nose Piece | Revolving holder for the objective lenses |
| Objective Lens | Magnifies the image |
| Stage | Platform on which the glass slide is placed |
| Clip | Holds the slide in place |
| Iris Diaphragm | Controls the amount of light passing up through the sample |
| Light Source | Lamp or mirror to supply light |
| Cell Membrane | - Plasma Membrane - Membrane is of phospholipids and embedded proteins - Composed of two layers of lipids - Lipid Bilayer - Fluid structure - Selectively permeable - regulates what gets in and out of the cell |
| Cytoplasm and Cytosol | - Cytoplasm refers to the contents of the cell excluding the nucleus and vacuoles. It includes the organelles and cytosol. - Cytosol is the fluid containing enzymes, sugars, amino acids, salts, water, vitamins etc... which bathes the cell organelles. |
| Vacuole | - Storage organelle in plant cells, containing "sap" - Plays a role in support and shape |
| Cell Wall (Plants Only) | - Made up of cellulose and is located just outside the plasma membrane. - Slightly elastic but tough and gives shape and support to cell - The middle lamella of the cell wall sticks neighbouring plants together |
| Chloroplasts (Plants Only) | - Green, ovoid, membrane bound structures contain chlorophyll to trap light energy. - Site of Photosynthesis - Double membrane on the outside - Contains Grana. |
| Mitochondria | - Provide energy to the cell - Powerhouse of the cell - Site of respiration - Inner membrane is folded - ATP molecules made here - Contain own DNA and reproduce by Binary Fission |
| Nucleus | - Control center of cell - Surrounded by nuclear membrane containing pores - Contains chromosomes - Gene is a region of DNA that codes for protein - Nucleolus is an area withing the nucleus in which ribosomes are made |
| Chromosomes and DNA | - Cells from different organisms have a different number of chromosomes - Nuclei which contain 2 sets of chromosomes are diploid (2n = 46) - Nuclei which contain 1 set of chromosomes are haploid (n = 23) |
| DNA, RNA and Ribosomes | - Nuclear envelope isa double membrane - Contains a large number of nuclear pores - Messenger RNA can leave the nucleus to go to ribosomes - Ribosomes are the site of Protein Synthesis |
| Eukaryotic | - Cells that have a nucleus and enclosed by a membrane - Nuclei divide by mitosis and meiosis |
| Prokaryotic | - No nucleus - No membrane bound organelles |
Created by:
Muireann Creswell
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