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Science
6th grade - June 2023
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Define fuel | A substance that provides energy |
| What are the three major fossil fuels? | Coal, oil, gas |
| Why are fossil fuels called nonrenewable resources? | Because they take millions of years to form. |
| What are the positives of fossil fuels? | They are effective and easy to transport |
| What are the negatives of fossil fuels? | They pollute and take millions of years to form |
| What are some examples of renewable energy sources? | Wind power, biomass, solar, hydroelectric, geothermal, nuclear |
| In general, what are the positives of using renewable energy sources? | They don't pollute the earth and there is an endless supply. |
| In general, what are the negatives of using renewable energy sources? | They are usually expensive and take up a lot of space |
| Define energy conservation | The practice of reducing energy use |
| Define weather | The condition of Earth's atmosphere |
| Define atmosphere | The envelope of gases that surround the planet |
| Define the makeup of Earth's atmosphere | Earth has hydrogen, oxygen, argon, carbon dioxide and other gases |
| Define air pressure | The result of the weight of a column of air pushing on an area |
| How does altitude affect air pressure? | As altitude increases, air pressure decreases |
| How does altitude affect density? | As altitude increases, density decreases |
| Describe (very briefly) the levels of the atmosphere | A. Troposphere: closest to earth, clouds, people B. Stratosphere: contains the ozone layer that protects the planet from UV radiation C. Mesosphere: protects earth from most meteoroids D. Thermosphere: no limit, hot spread out particles |
| What percentage of the energy that reaches Earth's surface gets absorbed by the land and water? | 50% |
| What's used to measure temperature? | Thermometer |
| Differences in what causes. the air to move? | Air pressure |
| By what are winds decribed? | Speed and direction |
| What is used to measure wind direction? | Wind vane |
| What is used to measure wind speed? | Anemometer |
| Define global winds | Winds that blow steadily from specific directions over long distances |
| Define evaporation | When liquid water turns to vapor water |
| Define condensation | When water vapor turns into liquid water |
| Define humidity | How much moisture is in the air |
| How is relative humidity measured? | With a hydrometer |
| List the two conditions that are necessary for condensation (cloud formation) | Moisture Temperature |
| Warm air can hold ___________ than water vapor than cool air. | More |
| Define precipitation | Any form of water that falls from clouds and reaches Earth's surface |
| What is used to measure rainfall? | Rain gauge |
| Define air mass | Very large body of air |
| Define front | A boundary between two air masses |
| List the types of severe weather that can occur | Thunderstorm, blizzard, hurricane, flood, earthquake |
| Define evacuate | Moving away temporarily from an area about to be affected by severe weather |
| What does a meteorologist do? | Study weather |
| Why are the weather forecasts not always accurate? | Because very small changes can change the weather greatly |
| Define planet | An object that orbits the sun, is large enough to be rounded by own gravity, has cleared the area of its orbit |
| Define star | Giant ball of hot gas, mainly composed of hydrogen and helium |
| What is a pattern or group of stars that people imagined to represent a figure, animal or object? | A constellation |
| Define axis | The imaginary line that passes through the center, from the north and south poles |
| Define rotation | The spinning of Earth's axis |
| Why do we have day and night? | Ass the Earth rotates, the sun's rays can only reach one half of the Earth's surface. Dark side = night. Light side = day. |
| Define revolution | The movement of an object around another |
| What is the shape Earth's orbit (path) around the sun? | An ellipse (elongated circle) |
| How many degrees is Earth's axis filled? | 23.5 degrees from the vertical |
| Explain why there are seasons on Earth | Because Earth is tilted on an axis; the North pole always tilts inn the same direction, so different parts of the planet are tilted toward the sun at different times. |
| Define equinox | Either of the two days of the year on which neither hemisphere is tilted toward or away from the sun |
| When are the two equinoxes for the Northern Hemisphere? | Vernal equinox - March 21 Autumnal equinox - Sept 23 |
| Define solsitce | Either of the two days of the year on which the su reaches its greatest distance north or south of the equator |
| When are the two solstices for the Northern Hemisphere? | Summer solstice - June 21 Winter solstice - Dec 22 |
| Define gravity | The force that attracts all objects toward each other |
| What is Newton's law of universal gravitation? | Every object in the universe attracts every other object |
| What are the two factors that affect the strength of the force of gravity between two objects? | a. Mass: more mass = gravitational pull b. Distance between objects: the farther the distance the less gravitational pull |
| What causes the phases of the moon? | The different shapes of the moon you see from Earth. |
| Define eclipse | When an object in space comes between the sun and a third object, it casts a shadow on the object |
| What is it called when the moon passes directly between the Earth and sun? | A solar eclipse |
| Define umbra | The very darkest part of a shadow |
| Define tide | The periodic rise and fall of the level of the ocean. Occurs every 12.5 hours. |
| What causes tides? | Mainly, the differences in how much gravity from the moon and the sun pull on different parts of the Earth |
| Define geocentric | Earth centered |
| Define helliocentric | Sun centered |
| Which model of the universe did most ancient astronomers believe in? | The geocentric model |
| What is an astronomical unit? | The distance from the sun to the Earth |
| How do scientists believe that our solar system formed? | Approximately 4.6 billion years ago from a cloud of hydrogen, helium, rock, ice and other materials pulled together by gravity. |
| Define planetesimal | A body that could or did come together with many others under gravitation from a planet |
| What gases does the sun mainly consist of? | Helium - 1/4 Hydrogen - 3/4 |
| List the three interior layers of the sun | Core Convectional zone Radiation zone |
| List the three layers of the atmosphere of the sun | Chromosphere Photosphere Corona |
| What is the process that creates the energy from the sun? | Nuclear fusion |
| Define solar flare | An eruption of gas from the sun's surface that occurs |
| Basic facts about: Mercury | Smallest, closest to the sun; almost no atmosphere |
| Basic facts about: Venus | Earth's twin, very thick atoms of sulfuric acid, day is longer than year |
| Basic facts about: Earth | 70% covered in liquid water, Goldilock planet |
| Basic facts about: Mars | Red planet, had liquid water in past, giant volcanos |
| Basic facts about: Jupiter | Largest planet |
| Basic facts about: Saturn | 2nd largest planet, visible rings |
| Basic facts about: Uranus | Blue-green because of its methane, rotates at 90 degrees |
| Basic facts about: Neptune | Cold blue planet, visible clouds and lots of storms |
| Define asteroid belt | Region between Mars and Jupiter |
| Define Kuiper belt | Area beyond Neptune; 100 AU from the sun |
| Define Oort cloud | Area beyond the Kuiper belt; 1000 times the distance from the sun to Neptune |
| Define comet | A small solar system body that gets a bigger tail the closer to the sun it gets |
| Define asteroid | Rocky ice bodies that orbit the sun |
| T/F: an asteroid is bigger than a meteoroid | True |
| When a meteoroid enters Earth's surface, what is it called? | A meteor |
| When a meteoroid hits the Earth's surface, what is it called? | A meteorite |
Created by:
jillhulswit
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